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    Happiness, underdevelopment, and mental health in an Andean Indigenous community
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-01-01)
    Evidence indicates that developed countries are not happier compared to middle-income countries. Furthermore, there are indicators of an unhappy, psychopathological overdeveloped society. The purpose of this study is to explore subjective well-being, mental health, and development in a small traditional Andean Peruvian village. An emic, bottom-up method was followed: ethnographical research, in-depth open-ended interviews, and psychometric scales were integrated. Mental health was explored thorough clinical assessment.High levels of happiness and low levels of psychopathology were found. Complex interactions between a balanced life satisfaction, low levels of satisfaction with development, landscape, strong social support, and intensive interactions with friends and family are discussed. This pattern can resemble the ancestral lifestyle, when the brain evolved to produce neurotransmitters of happiness while coping with survival and development challenges. Conversely, modern society and overdevelopment can activate depression and unhappiness.
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    Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements
    (2023-12-29)
    This article investigates the impact of environmental clauses in regional trade agreements on the international trade of CAN and MERCOSUR countries between 2001 and 2019. We use a gravity model estimated with the PPML estimator to analyze the relationship between environmental provisions in trade agreements and total exports. We find that the simple inclusion of environmental provisions does not have a significant effect on trade. However, the presence of a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) in the midst of compliance is associated with a negative and significant effect on total exports. This result is accentuated if the trade occurs in a South-North structure. This finding complements previous research and provides a more complete understanding of the impact of environmental clauses on international trade in the countries of the region.
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    Sowing Ideas: Foundations of Subjectivity and Development in Rural Contexts
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2025-12-12)
    This introductory chapter has two specific objectives. First, to introduce the reader to the theoretical and conceptual framework addressed in this book. That is, why is it important to discuss subjectivity and development, concepts so relevant to psychology? And second, why focus on using these notions to analyze rural contexts? It concludes that the processes of subjectivation and psychological development have a richness and qualitative nature unique to rural contexts, which allows for a case for a Rural Psychology. Finally, the reader is presented with the structure and thematic organization of this volume to facilitate understanding of the various contributions found within.
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