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Item type:Publication, Non-destructive (NDT) and minor-destructive (MDT) testing tools to support the structural characterization of adobe constructions(Springer Nature, 2021-01-01)Adobe constructions are widely used worldwide as low-cost vernacular buildings and also as monuments and historical constructions. Beside low cost these materials have excellent thermal and acoustic properties. Some challenges of this material involves durability and high vulnerability to seismic motions due to its relatively high weight and brittleness. To improve safety levels of existing adobe structures it is often necessary to strengthen or retrofit them based on a structural characterization. The structural characterization requires assessment of the in situ condition, geometry, engineering properties of existing adobe construction and buildings using minimal to no intrusion. In this chapter we present a general overview of commonly used NDT and MDT methods for the assessment of existing adobe construction to obtain information such as: detailed geometry information, damage mapping, and multi-scale mechanical and physical characterization. Additional to literature review summarizing different applications of NDT and MDT, this chapter presents four case studies related to projects in Peru recently performed by the research group led by the first author. The descriptions and results of NDT and MDT tests carried out at these case studies highlight how the use of several NDT and MDT methodologies complement each other and allow a suitable multi-scale characterization of existing adobe structural systems, that can successfully be used for the diagnosis, and design of intervention and retrofit measures as needed. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Experimental modal-based damage evaluation of masonry cross-vaults under quasi-static and dynamic cyclic loading(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-09-19)Masonry cross-vaults are double-curvature structural systems widely employed in historic churches and monumental buildings, which exhibit a pronounced vulnerability to seismic actions owing to the mechanical characteristics of their constituent materials. In such structures, diagonal cracking induced by in-plane shear deformation represents a typical failure mechanism under seismic loading. Despite this, limited experimental and numerical research has been conducted to assess the seismic response of masonry cross-vaults associated with this failure mechanism. Furthermore, the effect of structural damage on the dynamic properties of masonry cross-vaults remains insufficiently investigated in the existing literature. Accordingly, this study aimed to provide additional insight into the seismic response and modal-based damage evolution of a cross-vault made of alternative materials, namely Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), characterised by in-plane shear behaviour. Two specimens were tested under controlled laboratory conditions: one subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading, previously investigated by the authors, and the other subjected to dynamic excitation on a uniaxial shaking table. At predefined loading phases, modal parameters were identified through Operational Modal Analysis using the time-domain stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method. Structural damage was evaluated at both the detection and localisation levels through global indicators derived from modal properties as well as spatially distributed local indicators. Experimental observations confirmed the development of shear-related cracking patterns consistent with the expected structural behaviour of cross-vaults under lateral actions. The evolution of modal properties provided reliable information on damage progression across loading stages. Furthermore, a comparison of loading conditions revealed differences in the cracking pattern and vibration-based indicators of masonry cross-vaults.