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    Macro-Economic Inequality and National Stereotypes in 45 Non-Western Countries
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2026-05-01)
    The assumption that people favor ingroups and disfavor outgroups is based largely on theory and research from Western countries. However, groups subjected to economic exploitation and inequality might come to favor more advantaged outgroups. The present large-scale study (N = 12,339) involving 45 non-Western countries explored ingroup stereotypes and stereotypes of relatively advantaged and disadvantaged outgroups (Western Europeans and Western Africans, respectively) and their relation to macroeconomic conditions. Compared with their national ingroup, participants stereotyped advantaged outgroups as more competent (exhibiting outgroup favoritism) but less warm; they stereotyped disadvantaged outgroups as less competent but neither more nor less warm. Nationals of poorer and more exploited countries exhibited stronger outgroup favoritism on competence and stronger ingroup favoritism on warmth. This work provides preliminary evidence for the structural origins of national stereotypes: macroeconomic inequalities can override habitual ingroup favoritism and lead national groups to exhibit outgroup favoritism.
    Scopus© Citations 2  1
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    International Law and Intercultural Competence in Protection of Civilians: Focus on Children in Armed Conflict
    (2025-07-01)
    Background: Thousands of girls and boys are recruited and used in armed conflicts worldwide, serving in combat and noncombat roles. This issue transcends race, religion, and political systems and constitutes grave violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. Methods: This study employs a qualitative, interdisciplinary approach, analysing international legal frameworks, intercultural competence theory, case studies, and interviews with former child soldiers. Results: Findings reveal that cultural barriers significantly impede reintegration efforts and that intercultural competence among humanitarian actors and communities is essential for designing sustainable, inclusive, and culturally responsive reintegration programmes. Conclusion: Integrating intercultural training into child protection and peacebuilding strategies enhances the protection and reintegration of children affected by armed conflict, improving outcomes for former child soldiers and their communities.
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