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    Microbiota and Depression: An Update
    (Biomedical Research Network, 2023-06-01)
    Anxiety, sadness, and cognitive impairment may all benefit from further study of the microbiota-gut-brain axis [1-5]. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain how the gut bacteria could influence brain activity.
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    Dimensions of Wisdom Perception Across Twelve Countries on Five Continents
    (2023-04-12)
    Wisdom is the hallmark of social judgment, but how people across cultures recognize wisdom remains unclear—distinct philosophical traditions suggest different views of wisdom’s cardinal features. We explore perception of wise minds across 16 socio-economically and culturally diverse convenience samples from 12 countries. Participants assessed wisdom exemplars, non-exemplars, and themselves on 19 socio-cognitive characteristics, subsequently rating targets’ wisdom, knowledge, and understanding. Analyses reveal two positively related dimensions—Reflective Orientation and Socio-Emotional Awareness. These dimensions are consistent across cultures and interact when informing wisdom ratings: wisest targets—as perceived by participants—score high on both dimensions, whereas the least wise are not reflective but moderately socio-emotional. Additionally, individuals view themselves as less reflective but more socio-emotionally aware than most wisdom exemplars. Our findings expand folk psychology and social judgment research beyond the Global North, showing how individuals and cultures perceive desirable cognitive and socio-emotional qualities, and contribute to an understanding of mind perception.
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    Understanding contextual variations in executive function through habits, representations, and reflection
    (Frontiers Media, 2026-01-01)
    Executive function (EF) is often considered a domain-general ability or set of component processes related to conscious control best assessed in decontextualized controlled settings. However, recent calls have advocated for more consideration of the role that context may play in EF's conceptualization and assessment. Reconciling these two approaches presents a challenge. This paper explores the possibility of considering EF in terms of its function— achieving a goal. From this view, the function of EF can be achieved through multiple pathways and thus is best measured across multiple contexts that have a shared goal of resisting a prepotent response that conflicts with a correct goal-driven response. Examination of EF across multiple contexts should reveal individual differences in the conscious regulation of thought and behavior toward the outcome of a goal across multiple tasks. We explore a social representational framework for exploring the cognition that underlies the variability in conscious goal-directed thought and behavior. This framework suggests that representational skills related to forming, maintaining, and reflecting on goal-relevant information are at the center of EF and necessary for overriding habitual prepotent responses. Finally, because representational ability and habits are developed within and shaped by a sociocultural context (e.g., through language, communication, values, and beliefs), contextual differences are key to understanding how individual differences in the regulation of behavior emerges and how context may shape EF demands.
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