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Item type:Publication, Students with special educational needs in regular classrooms and their peer effects on learning achievement(Springer Nature, 2024-12-01)This study explores the impact of inclusive education on the educational outcomes of students without Special Educational Needs (non-SEN) in Peru, utilizing official Ministry of Education data and implementing cross-sectional regression analyses. Inclusive education is a complex issue that, without appropriate adaptations and comprehensive understanding, can present substantial challenges to the educational community. While prior research from developed nations offers diverse perspectives on the effects of inclusive education on non-SEN students, limited evidence exists regarding its impact in developing countries. Our study addresses this gap by examining inclusive education in Peru and its influence on non-SEN students, thereby contributing to the existing literature. Our findings reveal that, on average, the presence of SEN students in regular classrooms does not significantly affect their non-SEN counterparts. However, we uncover heterogeneous results contingent on the specific type of SEN and students’ academic placement. These results emphasize the importance of targeted resources and parental involvement in facilitating successful inclusive education, particularly for specific SEN types. In summary, this study underscores the need for tailored strategies and additional resources to foster the success of inclusive education and calls for further research in this field to expand our understanding and enhance educational policy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Economic inequalities in adolescents’ internalising symptoms: Longitudinal evidence from eight countries(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11-01)Research, mainly conducted in Europe and North America, has shown an inequitable burden of internalising mental health problems among adolescents from poorer households. We investigated whether these mental health inequalities differ across a diverse range of countries and multiple measures of economic circumstances. Methods: In this longitudinal observational cohort study, we analysed data from studies conducted in eight countries (Australia, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, the UK, and Viet Nam) across five global regions. All studies had self-reported measures of internalising symptoms using a validated scale at two timepoints in adolescence; a measure of household income, household consumption expenditure, or subjective wealth; and data collected between 2000 and 2019. Household income (measured in four countries), consumption expenditure (six countries), and adolescents’ subjective assessment of household wealth (five countries) were measured in mid-adolescence (14–17 years). The primary outcome (internalising symptoms, characterised by negative mood, affect, and anxiety) was measured later in adolescence between age 17 and 19 years. Analyses were linear regression models with adjustment. Effect estimates were added to random-effects meta-analyses to aid understanding of cross-country differences. Findings: The overall pooled sample of eight studies featured 18 910 adolescents (9568 [50·6%] female and 9342 [49·4%] male). Household income had a small or null association with adolescents’ internalising symptoms. Heterogeneity (I2 statistic) was 71·04%, falling to 39·71% after adjusting for baseline symptoms. Household consumption expenditure had a stronger association with internalising symptoms (decreases of 0·075 SD in Peru [95% CI –0·136 to –0·013], 0·034 SD in South Africa [–0·061 to –0·006], and 0·141 SD in Viet Nam [–0·202 to –0·081] as household consumption expenditure doubled). The I2 statistic was 74·24%, remaining similar at 74·83% after adjusting for baseline symptoms. Adolescents’ subjective wealth was associated with internalising symptoms in four of the five countries where it was measured. The I2 statistic was 57·09% and remained similar after adjusting for baseline symptoms (53·25%). We found evidence for cross-country differences in economic inequalities in adolescents’ internalising symptoms, most prominently for inequalities according to household consumption expenditure. Subjective wealth explained greater variance in symptoms compared with the objective measures. Interpretation: Our study suggests that economic inequalities in adolescents’ mental health are prevalent in many but not all countries and vary by the economic measure considered. Variation in the magnitude of inequalities suggests that the wider context within countries plays an important role in the development of these inequalities. Funding: Wellcome Trust. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, When crisis hits home: cultural and gendered realities of entrepreneurial parenting in difficult times(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025-01-01)This study identifies and details the notable effects of having children in the household and gender on how entrepreneurs experience work–family conflict, as well as on their well-being, during times of crisis (e.g. COVID-19 pandemic). Design/methodology/approach Leveraging both boundary theory and embeddedness literature, the authors analyze data from more than 6,500 entrepreneurs across 24 European countries, drawn from Eurofound's Living, Working and COVID-19 survey. Findings Entrepreneurs with children in the household experience greater work–family conflict than entrepreneurs without children, leading to variances in their psychological well-being. Female entrepreneurs are particularly affected by this increased work–family conflict and diminished well-being. However, a society's culture, measured as its embeddedness, can mitigate differences in work–family conflict and well-being between entrepreneurs with and without children. In particular, female entrepreneurs benefit from the support they receive from their embedded membership in family networks. Originality/value This study provides unique insights into the link between parenthood and psychological well-being and the influences of conflicting demands between work and family in times of crisis. It accounts for how these links vary by both gender and the broader cultural environment, offering novel recommendations for how entrepreneurs can protect themselves, even in the midst of a crisis.7