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    Philosophy and children: For or with?
    (State Univ of Rio de Janeiro - Center of Childhood and Philosophy Studies, 2020-01-01)
    In this paper, two different philosophical proposals to introduce and carry out philosophy in school spaces which include the participation of children are compared. These are: Philosophy for Children (P4C), mainly developed by Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp, and Philosophy with Children (PwC), which is actually a set of “second generation” (counter)proposals-as described by Vansieleghem and Kennedy (2011), based on Reed and Johnson (1999)-among which those created by Walter Kohan and Karin Murris, to mention a few, stand out. The text begins with some similarities between both proposals, before comparing them in each of their dimensions. First, P4C is discussed. Second, PwC. Their ideas about education, school, philosophical education, their concept of childhood, the role given to teachers and their relation with politics are the main focus. Third, PwC's critique of the P4C program is studied. Finally, the paper concludes with some ideas on the issue of introducing philosophy in the school space. Particularly, PwC's proposal is supported, fundamentally because of its coherent acknowledgment of the autonomy of teachers and of the political element in education, and since philosophical experience with children is characterized in particular by questioning and critiquing, and, therefore offers the possibility of bringing about important transformations, at both the personal-individual and the collective levels.
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    Girl YouTubers in Peru as economic agents negotiating gender and class identities
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021-01-01)
    The study examines the role of children as producers, distributors, and consumers in the digital realm. Additionally, it also explores class and gender identities they create and perform in this modality. We focus on young female YouTubers (8–11 years old) from Peru, a country that has experienced significant economic expansion in the first decades of the 21st century. The study analyzes 40 videos created by five girl YouTubers. The discussion addresses the economic role children perform in the digital economy as they produce value through content creation, distribute goods, and engage in globalized consumption. The paper also discusses the ways girls display gender and class identities in their products and their consumption patterns. Throughout the analysis, we use the key concept of children’s agency; the discussion reveals both the concept’s reach and limitations in the context of consumer culture, gender regimes, and neoliberal policies.