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Language: search.filters.language.EnglishSubject: search.filters.subject.Biomass (ecology)

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    Chapter 23: impacts of deforestation and climate change on biodiversity, ecological processes, and environmental adaptation
    (2021-11-12)
    This chapter presents observed and predicted impacts of climate change on Amazonian ecosystems, focusing on biodiversity, ecosystem services, carbon cycling, fisheries, and emissions from biomass burning. It also considers climate and land-use change feedbacks and highlights knowledge gaps to better understand these complex interactions.
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    Fish for food or food for fish? Use of material flow analysis to optimize protein availability of seafood products for human consumption
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-06-01)
    Direct human consumption provides an additional 75% edible protein as compared to aquaculture return. • Aquaculture yields <27% edible biomass from total production. • Even at a feed conversion rate of 0.7, a 57% protein loss is identified. • From an economic perspective, direct consumption is preferred over aquafeed. • More than 7 kg of non-marine ingredients are needed to obtain 1 kg of farmed trout protein. The growing pressure on pelagic resources and the dilemma of redirecting high-nutritional whole fish to aquafeed, underscore the need for quantitative evidence to maximize marine-protein availability for human consumption. This study compares two scenarios with anchovy ( Engraulis spp. ) and tuna ( Thunnus spp .): 1) minimally processed marine biomass for direct human consumption (DHC); and, 2) whole-fish rendered into fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO) for aquafeeds (indirect human consumption), with trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) as farmed specie. A material flow analysis was performed using 1 t of cleaned pelagic-fish ready for DHC as functional unit, with system boundaries spanning from wild landings to fish on the plate. Mass-protein balances were modeled with STAN software. Net relative protein-return, energy-return, and the relative-profitability indicators were calculated for each product-process. Results show that all indicators applied favor DHC, even under optimized feed conversion rates. In protein-efficiency terms, these findings corroborate that DHC of pelagic fish outperforms its use as aquafeed, making it the preferred strategy, especially in contexts of food insecurity and limited supplies of high-biological value protein.
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    Microbial death in the Andes: necromass declines despite growth and carbon-use-efficiency increases with decadal soil warming
    (Elsevier, 2026)
    The growth and death of soil microbes are important drivers of soil carbon formation. A warming climate is predicted to affect both the production of microbial biomass and the stability of microbial residues (necromass) held in soils. However, we have very little information on how warming in tropical soils will affect these processes, and on the effect of temperature on microbial production and turnover over different time-scales. To address this, we studied temperature effects on microbial-mediated C cycling across two different time-scales, using a 20 ⁰C mean annual temperature gradient in the Peruvian Andes (long-term effects) and decadal experimental-warming via soil translocation (11-years of temperature effects). At long-term timescales, a legacy of warmer temperatures decreased microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), microbial biomass C, and decreased fungal and bacterial necromass concentration in soils. At decadal timescales, experimental warming increased CUE, microbial production and microbial biomass concentration (likely the result of concomitant changes in substrate availability). However, this did not translate into increased microbial necromass concentration, which generally declined with warming across all temporal scales. Together, we show that warmer temperatures over decadal (11-year) timescales affect soil microbial processes to potentially increase their C input to soil (increased CUE, microbial production, and biomass) but we find no evidence that this C became stabilized as the necromass C pool decreased. Our results indicate that warming can alter microbial community metabolism to potentially increase necromass C inputs to soil, although we find no evidence to show that this offset overall soil C loss with warming.
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