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Item type:Publication, Water-related challenges in nexus governance for sustainable development: Insights from the city of Arequipa, Peru(Elsevier, 2020-12-10)Peru has one of the fastest-growing economies in Latin America, but there are concerns regarding how long this can be sustained. Negative environmental impacts are increasing due to the pressures of a growing urban population and competition for natural resources. This study explores stakeholder perceptions linked to nexus governance in the context of integrated management of natural resources, particularly water, and the environmental, socio-economic and governance challenges constraining the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our analysis focused on the urban and rural areas associated with the city of Arequipa, an economically dynamic region subject to extreme levels of water stress. Face-to-face interviews with key informants were conducted to identify mechanisms that have enhanced successful multi-sectoral collaboration, and to assess challenges in promoting sustainable economic development. A workshop prioritised the identified challenges and an online survey was then used to assess stakeholder interest in and influence over nexus governance of water with other natural resources. Stakeholder mapping revealed a complex network of actors involved in nexus governance, where successful collaboration could be promoted through formal and informal mechanisms, including exemplar policies and initiatives across sectors and actors. Shared visions between stakeholders were identified as well as contradictory priorities relating to the sustainable management of natural resources. A key finding that emerged was the need to promote adaptation in water and land management (SDG 6) due to perceived impacts of extreme climate events (SDG 13), urban population growth (SDG 11), and increased sectoral water demands. This situation in combination with poor governance and lack of planning has exposed the vulnerability of Arequipa water supply system to future shocks. Urgent action will be needed to raise stakeholder awareness, strengthen governance and enforcement, and agree on a collective vision for integrated land and water planning if the SDGs are to be achieved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Grand challenges in urban agriculture: ecological and social approaches to transformative sustainability(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-04-09)SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 09 April 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.668561 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Design of an irrigation system using a motor pump for desert areas in Department of Piura - Perú(2021-09-19)Currently the world suffers from water scarcity, being one of the most frequent problems that agriculture suffers, there is still no uniformity regarding the extent of the planet covered by these dry lands, varying the calculations from close to 50% to 25% of the earth's surface. Africa and Asia being the continents that had the largest extensions of drylands. Therefore, this research work has as objective the Design of an Irrigation System using a Motor Pump for Desert Areas in Department of Piura - Perú and thus contribute to the agriculture of our country, as well as main points we will focus on the towns far from the city which will use automatic irrigation means through a natural reserve water supply which would have to be stored and through a drip system it will be possible to irrigate and optimize the water in order to give it a better use. Resulting in a water reservoir that once filled to 100% will begin to pump water through a motor pump and through pipes it will be transferred to another reserve reservoir to irrigate a desert area through a drip system so the reservoir plays an important role which will have available water without depleting given greater access to irrigate the land. Keywords— Agriculture; deserted zones; automatic watering; Drip system; Motor pump - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Agricultural land degradation in Peru and Bolivia(Springer Nature, 2022-01-01)Soil erosion is the most prominent evidence of soil degradation and is regarded as the main type of agricultural land degradation worldwide. The objective of this contribution is to assess soil degradation associated with agricultural lands in Peru and Bolivia. The assessment is mainly based on a recent soil erosion survey; maps describing soil erosion rates across 5 km grids for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020; and global observations of agricultural land areas. We observe that soil erosion rates in agricultural lands from Peru and Bolivia are steadily growing. We also observe that (1) the highest quantities of soil erosion are found in the Andean highlands and the largest areas of soil denudation in the Amazonian sections, and (2) there is a positive relation between erosion degree and soil organic carbon stock. The main drivers of soil erosion are the intensive agriculture production and fertilizer use that have increased in Peru and Bolivia. This land use intensification in both countries is also the driver of other land degradation factors such as soil salinization and soil pollution. The use of sewage (e.g., gray water) in urban and peri-urban agricultural areas increases the risk to soil health by inducing the dispersion of microplastics assisted by soil erosion. Overgrazing affects a large portion of the highlands from both countries. Very limited information of the extent of slash-and-burn fire agriculture exists; however, this practice is mostly observed in the Department of Santa Cruz (Bolivia). To prevent or minimize the pressure on soil resources associated with soil erosion or soil pollution, we highlight the need to support sustainable soil management practices and responsible use of fertilizers in agricultural land. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The sustainable transformation of the Colombian cattle sector: Assessing its circularity(Public Library of Science, 2022-10-01)Circular food systems are increasingly acknowledged for their potential to contribute to the transition towards sustainable futures. In a circular food system, the use of finite and limited resources is minimized, and nutrients in residual streams and inedible biomass for humans are reused as inputs in the bioeconomy. Livestock has become relevant in this narrative for upcycling nutrients contained in food by-products and grass resources into nutritious food for humans without using human-edible resources. Evaluating on-going national sustainability initiatives in the livestock sector is key to determine if circularity elements are already represented and to identify new opportunities and pathways for the future. In this paper we synthetize the environmental actions promoted by different initiatives driving the sustainable transformation of Colombian cattle production systems and assess the inclusion of circularity elements in these actions. The proposed environmental actions were concentrated in the conservation of remaining natural ecosystems, zero-deforestation and the sustainable intensification of cattle production through silvopastoral and paddock rotational systems. Circularity was addressed by some initiatives via the use organic fertilizers and the use of manure as fertilizers or feedstock for bioenergy generation. However, given that cattle farming is often practiced in low-input systems where the collection of by-products for reutilization (e.g., manure) is not always feasible, these actions are expected to have limited impact in the sector. Silvopastoral systems can positively promote circularity by creating the conditions for internal nutrient recycling via litterfall, biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and presence of beneficial insects. However, to avoid food-feed competition and to remain circular, these should only be installed in agricultural areas unsuitable for crop production. In areas where crops can grow, other production systems that prioritize the production of plant biomass for human consumption (i.e., agrosilvopastoral systems, mixed crop-livestock systems or forms of crop intercropping) should be considered. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, IWRM and the legacies of large-scale agriculture in the Peruvian Amazon(University of Warwick, 2022-02-08)The advancement of agribusiness in Latin America has created environmental strains and les to increasing conflicts with local based economies dependent on small scale agriculture. Among the efforts to halt its negative effects, new models of resource governance emerged aiming to integrate stakeholders and users into accountable organisations. This article reviews the attempt to impose Integrated water resources management (IWRM) over the water governance arrangements of a native community in the Peruvian Amazon that faces an increasing intervention of rice agribusiness in their lands. The resulting dynamic can be understood as an altered arrangement: it doesn’t lead to the creation of an IWRM institution, nor does it reject new governance architectures. The rescaling of water governance, the interpretation of IWRM meanings and the contingency of the results, all within the frame of a history of agricultural development interventions in indigenous lands, helps us understand this phenomenon. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Water scarcity footprint of cocoa irrigation in Bahia(Institute for Environmental Research in Hydrographic Basins (IPABHi), 2022-07-20)This study simulated the water scarcity footprint (WSF) of cocoa irrigation in municipalities considered suitable for cocoa growing in the state of Bahia, according to agro climatic zoning. Irrigation demand was calculated using the model proposed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Subsequently, impact on water scarcity was calculated using the product of crop irrigation demand and water scarcity characterization factors of the regionalized AWARE method for Brazil. The WSF in Bahia ranged between 0.28 and 646.5 m³ of water per kilo of cocoa produced. From the defined scale, of the 417 municipalities in Bahia suitable for growing cocoa, 59% have a 'low' footprint, 18% 'medium', 10% 'high', and 12% have a 'very high' footprint. Based on these results, it is suggested that areas with lower WSF are a priority in the expansion of cocoa to avoid a possible compromise of other essential demands of the municipalities. In addition, irrigation should avoid waste, especially in regions with high levels of water scarcity. The results show that the inclusion of the WSF in agroclimatic zoning can contribute to the process of identifying potential and critical regions for new crops and the expansion of others. Keywords: agriculture, agroclimatic zoning, AWARE, environmental indicator. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applying the multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM) to characterize the society-agriculture-forest system: The case of Huayopata, Cuzco (Peru)(Springer Science+Business Media, 2022-06-11)The divergence between the disappearance of primary forests and the appearance of secondary forests indicates a set of circumstances that simultaneously converge in what we called the society-agriculture-forest complex. Such circumstances vary between places and over time and are associated with internal factors-factors originating within the reference system-and external factors-factors originating outside the borders of the reference system-restrict the use of standard strategies for any reality. We present a quantitative model that helps to understand the relationships of the society-agriculture-forest complex as a whole. This comprehensive understanding will allow a clearer discussion of the positive and negative consequences of prioritizing actions on any of the system components. Our model establishes a set of quantitative relationships among: (i) the requirements of food and timber products for society to maintain its structure and functionality, (ii) the level of openness of the society with respect to other societies for the exchange of resources, and (iii) the interface between the economic productive systems and the ecological productive systems. To test the model, the case of Huayopata (Peru) was studied. Findings suggest that the abandonment of agricultural production and, particularly, of tea favors the appearance of secondary forests. However, projects by the Congress of Peru to reactivate the production of tea without adequate technological support to improve the current processes that use firewood for boilers would put the forestry system at risk. In addition, a potential worker 'pull factor' could reconfigure the food system and impact on the local agricultural sector. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-022-02457-6. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Characterization of the global agricultural sectoral innovation system based on bibliometric analysis and structural analysis(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2024-07-30)Resulta difícil entender por qué en el Perú, una actividad productiva característica y en líneas generales tan exitosa a nivel macroeconómico como lo es la agricultura está subdividida en un subsector altamente productivo -agroexportador, que posiciona sus productos en los mercados más exigentes a nivel global- y una agricultura de familiar que mantiene a su actor principal, el agricultor tradicional, en un estado de subsistencia. Este último parece haberse estancado en el tiempo, conservando una matriz productiva centrada en cultivos transitorios de baja rentabilidad, sin acceso a tecnología o a asistencia técnica que le permita incrementar su competitividad, autonomía y poder de negociación, este fortalecimiento de capacidades les permitiría afrontar de una mejor manera las perturbaciones de mercado como la inflación postpandemia o la crisis de fertilizantes, dichas situaciones adversas no están delimitadas a una región o país por el contrario se encuentran generalizadas debido a la presión por la demanda mundial de alimentos por lo que es propicia la presente oportunidad para explorar cómo es que se aborda la temática de la innovación, el incremento de la productividad y la evolución del sector agrícola alrededor del mundo desde la perspectiva académica a través del análisis bibliométrico y el análisis estructural. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A New Infrastructure for the Amazon(2023-11-17)Infrastructure in the Amazon has prioritized national development and other interests, which were generally tilted towards extractive activities (mining, energy, agriculture/cattle) and domestic industrial policies (e.g., Manaus Free Zone) rather than needs of local populations or environmental concerns, such as maintaining and protecting the high diversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, resulting in an unsustainable, low-quality development process. A new paradigm is necessary for adapting existing infrastructure, and for planning and building future infrastructure, at both national and subnational levels. This new paradigm should be based on the concept of a spatial configuration and include the consideration of nature-based solutions and Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK).