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Item type:Publication, Earthquake surface ruptures on the altiplano and geomorphological evidence of normal faulting in the December 2016 (Mw 6.1) Parina earthquake, Peru(Elsevier, 2020-12-13)The 2016 Mw 6.1 Parina earthquake ruptured a shallow-crustal normal fault within the high Andes of south Peru. We use high-resolution DEMs and field mapping of the surface ruptures generated by the earthquake, in combination with co-seismic and post-seismic InSAR measurements, to investigate how different features of the geomorphology at Parina are generated by the earthquake cycle on the Parina Fault. We systematically mapped 12 km of NW-SE trending surface ruptures with up to ~27 cm vertical displacement and ~25 cm tensional opening along strike, separated by a gap with no observable surface ruptures. Co- and post-seismic InSAR measurements require slip below this gap in surface ruptures, implying that surface offsets observed in paleoseismic trenches may not necessarily be representative of slip at seismogenic depths, and will typically yield an underestimate of paleo-earthquake magnitudes. The surface ruptures developed along 10–20 m high cumulative scarps cutting through late Quaternary fluvio-glacial deposits and bedrock. The 2016 Parina earthquake did not rupture the full length of the late Quaternary scarps, implying that the Parina Fault does not slip in characteristic, repeat earthquakes. At Parina, and across most of the Peruvian Altiplano, normal faults are most-easily identified from recent scarps cutting late Quaternary moraine crests. In regions where there are no recently-deposited moraines, faults are difficult to identify and lack time constraints to quantify rates of fault slip. For this reason, current fault maps may underestimate the seismic hazard in the Altiplano. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Open dataset of road obstructions due to collapsed buildings from the 2023 Turkey earthquakes(International Association for Earthquake Engineering, 2024-01-01)After large-magnitude earthquakes, collapsed buildings can disrupt transportation networks due to debris obstructing streets, sidewalks, and highways. These disruptions can critically compromise rescue activities, the mobilization of seriously injured patients, and aid distribution to the affected population. Accordingly, it is recommended the removal of obstructions during the first 48 hours after a disaster to meet emergency response needs as quickly as possible. However, the literature on seismic vulnerability has yet to deeply address the topic of road obstructions due to the limited availability of data. In this paper, we exploit several open datasets to collect about 1,400 collapsed buildings causing varying levels of road obstructions after the 2023 Turkey, earthquake sequence. The buildings are located in Hatay, Islahiye, Adiyaman, and Kahramanmaras. From visual inspection of high-resolution satellite and aerial images, the buildings were geolocated and classified according to the level of obstruction produced in the road by its debris. In the study, we considered three levels of obstruction: no obstruction, partial obstruction, and complete obstruction of a road. The number of floors was recorded from Google Street View data. Analysis of the data shows that taller buildings that experienced full collapse produced more obstructions. Thus, researchers can utilize the dataset to develop probabilistic models that predict the obstruction level according to the type of construction, the number of floors in a building, and the damage level. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Interactive guide for post-disaster water supply in urban areas(International Association for Earthquake Engineering, 2024-01-01)Water deficit in post-disaster situations due to large past earthquakes has evidenced the difficulty in managing and distributing safe water to the urban population during the first moments after the event and the lack of preparation of the people to cope with this situation. Disorder and panic must be prevented by preparing and educating the people at risk and the local government. This paper aims to develop an interactive, online, GIS-based guide focused on water supply during emergencies caused by seismic events. To accomplish this task, we introduce the Emergency Water Supply System (EWaSS) concept, a network of local autonomous water supply points in public spaces, such as parks and squares. The objective of the EWaSS is to provide safe water in the first moments of the earthquake emergency, articulated with the existing emergency plans at different levels of government. The design of the EWaSS considers a three-scale spatial approach that involves the environmental, social and physical dimensions and the following aspects: quantity and quality of water, security, accessibility; performance in the face of adverse natural phenomena, population density, articulation to the network of public spaces that includes safe areas, evacuation routes and proximity to urban facilities, identification of the level of organization of the community, urban zoning, and social vulnerability. We present the megacity of Lima in South America as a case study in which an 8.8 Mw earthquake is expected. The probability of water supply interruption is high due to out-of-date water and sanitation infrastructure. Although there is a set of wells and tanks aimed to supply water during emergencies, more was needed to cover the whole city population. An interdisciplinary perspective integrates and articulates the knowledge of civil engineering and urban planning disciplines. Emphasis is placed on using collaborative methods with the participation of relevant local actors and stakeholders in disaster risk management to achieve a feasible solution. As a result, the interactive guide is delivered and introduced to the stakeholders, decision-makers, planners and neighborhood organizations. This guide is expected to help strengthen the capacities of the population and state entities in charge of emergency response and increase the population's resilience that could be affected by future earthquake disasters.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, El terremoto de 1970 en el Perú y el mapa isosísmico : factores históricos y variables geofísicas de un desastre en los Andes(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2024)El terremoto de Yungay de 1970 es analizado a través del Mapa isosísmico o de isosistas del terremoto de 1970 por Víctor Álvarez Ponce. En “El terremoto de 1970 en el Perú y el mapa isosísmico: factores históricos y variables geofísicas de un desastre”, el autor examina el mapa de isosistas, elaborado en 1970 por el sismólogo Ernesto Daza para el informe de la Comisión de Rehabilitación de la Zona Afectada, y que registra el impacto y la intensidad del terremoto en las áreas afectadas. Álvarez Ponce señala que estudios y testimonios posteriores demuestran que el terremoto de 7,8, que afectó principalmente el Callejón de Huaylas, fue mayor a lo originalmente consignado, a la vez que profundiza sobre los conceptos de amenaza y vulnerabilidad.