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Item type:Publication, Attachment research and anti-racism: learning from Black and Brown scholars(Taylor & Francis, 2021-09-09)Preliminary evidence suggests that people and scholars of African and/or Latin American and Caribbean origin are often under-represented in mainstream attachment scholarship. In this commentary, we highlight the difficulty of conducting attachment theory research outside of the United States, particularly in Latin American countries. We reflect on the contributions by the authors of this special issue . We also identify (a) ways in which to center the experiences of Black and Brown people and scholars to push the field toward antiracism, and (b) the challenges of attachment theory and research in becoming anti-racist by considering the structural nature of racism. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Institutional and social xenophobia towards Venezuelan migrants in the context of a racialized country: The case of Peru(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-01-01)Although there is a growing academic interest in xenophobia in South America (Chan & Strabucchi, Asian Ethnicity 22(2):374–394, 2020; Tijoux-Merino, Convergencia: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 20(61):83–104, 2013; Guizardi & Mardones, Estudios Fronterizos 21:1–24, 2020), research is incipient on Peru due, in part, to the recent changes in migration trends. Moreover, in the case of Peru, scholars have not explored how xenophobia and racism intersect and connect. Addressing this gap, this chapter examines xenophobia in Peru against the Venezuelan community from an institutional and social perspective, addressing how both perspectives are relational and self-sustaining in a context of racialization. We use a mixed methodology that combines literature and political-normative analysis with quantitative data analysis. We examine how the institutional xenophobia against Venezuelan migration in the country, expressed through legislation as well as informal and formal practices of exclusion, have portrayed migrants as invaders. We also argue that the structural and complex racialization that operates in the country is also nourished by a special hatred against the foreigner who threatens the fragile sense of nationhood in Peru. Thus, we observe the emergence of a feeling of Venezuelanphobia as a hatred towards everything that has to do with ‘the Venezuelan.’ - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Rebranding as a Strategy to Avoid Racism in Representing Corporate Identity: From "Negrita" to "Umsha"(Scientific Association Icono14, 2023-01-01)Activism against the social gaps and systemic as well as structural racism during the last years of the 20th century has led to erroneous representations of minority ethnic groups in Peru being revised within the context of advertising and in every other social sphere. Consequently, brands, regardless of their trajectory, have opted to apply strategies such as rebranding. These strategies enable them to reconsider their identity and perfectly fit within the contemporary market context. The objective of this study was to perform a phenomenological study that helps understand the application of "Negrita" rebranding, a Peruvian brand that belongs to the Alicorp Corporation, which has 60 years in the market, to "Umsha" to make apparent their commitment to diversity and opposition to racism. The analysis was addressed from the perspective of Afro-Peruvian activists' parents to demonstrate structural racism underneath the use of rooted stereotypes in Peruvian advertising. It was concluded that the "Negrita" case, by banishing the elements from its previous image, met the demands for change regarding anachronistic archetypes with which Afro-Peruvians are represented. Ultimately, this change was positive despite the brand assets that would be left aside.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Protests in Peru: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on a Structural Crisis(Taylor & Francis, 2023-01-02)This conversation is the result of an event that took place on 18 April 2023, as a collaboration with the Humanities Institute of the University of California, Santa Cruz, that aimed to create a space for collective reflection on the multidimensional crises Peru had been facing since early December 2022 when protests erupted in the wake of former President Pedro Castillo’s unsuccessful attempt to shut down Congress to avert an impeachment and in response to the extreme violence exerted by the Peruvian state under Dina Boluarte’s presidency. For this conversation we take as our starting point the lens of Aldair Mejía, a young Peruvian photojournalist who covered the protests in the country with a perspective focused on justice and intent on challenging the dehumanising representation of the protesters in traditional media. Furthermore, to understand this structural crisis from multidisciplinary perspectives, the event also brought together Peruvian academics from the humanities and the social sciences, who contemplated the historical, social, cultural, economic, and political implications of the current crisis for the future of Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Indigenous Political Participation in Peru: A History of Racism, Exclusion, and Violence(Springer International Publishing, 2023-07-19)Peru is a country that was built upon ethnic and racial divisions, which had their origins in the time of the Spanish settlement. This division has established the way in which some social groups have accessed power, while others have remained aside. On the opposing side of the line are, in fact, the ethnic and racial groups that have been considered "indigenous". This gap between the high-and the low-status groups (among which the indigenous are considered) leads to a difference in the way both groups are granted access to the different spheres of power. Undoubtedly, throughout the country's history, this distance has conditioned the way in which indigenous groups have participated in the Peruvian political activity, and additionally the way in which they relate to the Peruvian government. This way, throughout history, the participation of the so-called "indigenous" groups has gone through a lack of political interest phases and through others of resistance to a politically centralized power that, traditionally, segregates them. Today, the relative modernization of the Peruvian government, as well as the incorporation of some of the demands of these groups, have allowed access to conventional mechanisms of political participation: (1) through the opening of public institutions and norms that have given the so-called indigenous groups a voice to participate in the government, and (2) through the presence (a minority, in fact) of some members of these groups that have been granted a place in the legislative power. Nevertheless, this conventional participation seems to be insufficient, and proof of this is the fact that, today, the struggles are taking place not only through conventional mechanisms of participation. Conversely, the resistance is still being channeled through social movements and community-based organizations, within a non-conventional space. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Chapter 10: Feminisms in Peru in a Context of Crisis(Springer Nature Brazil, 2023-01-01)In 2016, numerous women’s collectives emerged in Peru as marches against violence were taking place around the world. They represented a new feminism with characteristics different from that of the previous century, with which it has continued to coexist. Since 2016, a political crisis also brewed in Peru, with the 2021 election bringing to a close the cycle of post-2001 neoliberal democratic governments, which supported women’s demands with public policies and improved services. The 2021 election gave voters a polarised choice between authoritarian right-wing conservatism and left-wing conservatism. Most feminist groups have sided with the left, as it brought hopes of redress for the historically excluded populations of the Andes and the Amazon regions. Feminism, however, came to be perceived as an ideological option for middle-class women in urban, capitalist areas embedded in a Western modernity that is far from the reality of poverty and discrimination of the indigenous and peasant areas of the Andes. The racial factor thus displaced gender as a priority upheld by liberal governments. This further deepened following the December 2022 social outburst in the Andean south in response to the fall of the elected government and the rise of authoritarian neoliberalism. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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