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Item type:Publication, Impacto de las cláusulas ambientales de los acuerdos comerciales regionales sobre los niveles de contaminación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2021-11-08)Climate change and the impact of the economic model in the environment, forces the countries of the region to establish different tools and mechanisms to face its negative effects. For that reason, the environmental provisions of Regional Trade Agreements play a crucial role in guaranteeing environmental quality. This article estimates the impact of the environmental clauses of the regional trade agreements on the environmental pollution indicators of the partner exporting countries, especially in the Pacific Alliance. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Market prices in the Anthropocene age(Springer International Publishing, 2021-09-16)Economics is the science of scarcity. According to the standard market model of neoclassical theory, market prices tend to reflect real scarcity under capitalism. Competition leads to that result. Is this claim true under the Anthropocene age, in which natural resources are degrading through depletion and pollution? In order to answer this question, this essay presents a market model of the unified theory of capitalism. The two market models are compared on assumptions and empirical predictions. Facts tend to be consistent with the predictions of the unified theory model and refute those of the neoclassical model. On epistemological grounds, unified theory explanation is superior. Therefore, market prices do not provide society with the correct signals about real scarcity. The results are used to clarify some usual misconceptions about the role of the market system in the functioning of capitalism. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Face mask waste generation and management during the COVID-19 pandemic: an overview and the Peruvian case(Elsevier, 2021-09-10)The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has driven massive consumption of personal protective equipment (PPE) worldwide. Single-use face masks are one of the most used PPE to prevent the transmission of the virus. However, mismanagement of such materials threatens the environment with a new form of plastic pollution. Researchers argue that it is necessary to develop and implement innovative ways to manage and recycle PPE in order to reduce their impacts on the environment. In the present work, we have reviewed and discussed the recent development of sustainable face mask alternatives and recycling and repurposing routes under the COVID-19 pandemic context. Moreover, we have conducted estimations of the daily face mask waste generation in Peru, a developing country struggling with a poor solid waste management framework and infrastructure. Unlike previous studies, our equation incorporates the “economically active population” variable in order to provide more precise estimations, while evaluating single-use and reusable scenarios. The scenarios of incorporating reusable face masks significantly reduced the amount of solid waste generated in Peru. In situ evidence shows that face masks are polluting the streets and beaches of Peru, probably driven by mismanagement and poor environmental awareness. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Historical microplastic records in marine sediments: current progress and methodological evaluation(Elsevier, 2021-07-01)Plastic production has increased continuously since its massification in the 1950s. Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are contaminants widespread across all environmental compartments, including remote ecosystems. Thus, MPs could serve as geological proxies of the Anthropocene, a proposed geological epoch characterized for the human-derived influence on the environment. MP investigation in sedimentary records requires specific sampling and analytical procedures exclusive to this line of research. Failing to properly conduct one or many of the standardized procedures compromises the veracity of the data obtained. In the present review, we assessed the current advances and notorious results in studies investigating MPs in the sedimentary record, a recent area of research. Also, a method-based diagnosis was conducted by critically analyzing the sampling and dating, MP extraction, polymer identification, and contamination prevention steps. We aimed to provide recommendations to future research based on critical analyses of the current state of the art and to present prospective outlooks regarding MPs as geological markers of modern civilization. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Toxic mobilization: mining, pollution and power in the highlands of Peru(Taylor & Francis, 2022-09-19)This paper analyzes how the toxic consequences of extractive industries like mining have reconfigured both local topographies and introduced new structures and meanings regarding environmental justice and mobilization for communities living in polluted areas. Based on a longitudinal ethnographic study of the case of Espinar in Peru, the paper explains how the company and the government’s management of uncertainty regarding land and water pollution have transformed the meaning of mobilization for communities and their capacities for cleaning or at least improving their environment. I argue that local and global connections and transnational support still open opportunities for meaningful local mobilization despite uncertainty and ambiguity in managing environmental pollution, which weakens social cohesion and fragments the positions of inhabitants concerning collective and political action. However, communities can unwillingly embrace toxic conflicts: low intense, fragmented, but persistent forms of mobilization to bargain for some form of partial compensation from the company and the state. This form of conflict reinforces the internal fragmentation of the overall community and runs against environmental justice aspirations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Design of a monitoring system for the identification of gas concentration in the district of Mi Perú - Callao, Perú(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-01-01)In recent years, the contamination of toxic gases in society is a very controversial problem because of the various consequences and effects they generate on health. There are several studies which highlight that the main polluting gases to the environment such as carbon monoxide, lead, cadmium, among others are the main causes of the increase in various acute diseases, such as pneumonia, or chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases or lung cancer. That is why, faced with this problem, this research work proposes a monitoring system that determines the concentration of toxic gases, in such a way that it can contribute as an informative medium which can be implemented in various focused points where high rates of pollution are concentrated. The system has a very efficient MQ 135 gas sensor which includes a reading of 5 to 600 ppm (parts per million) at 3m with a temperature of 25ºC. It should be noted that it is important to keep the sensor on 24 hours beforehand to obtain a correct reading. Thus, concluding that this system of toxic gases can be easily applied to society because it is economical and because it has a free software which will be responsible for informing through a web server the level of ppm that you want to analyze at a certain point. Keywords- Toxic Gases, Pollution, Gas Sensor, Environment, Air Quality - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La supervisión ambiental en el sector saneamiento en el Perú: el caso de Ucayali(2024-12-20)El Perú, al igual que en diversos países de la región, es rico en recursos naturales, pero no obstante ello, su conservación se ve afectada por las diversas actividades económicas tales como la minería, la agricultura, la industria, la forestal y el saneamiento. Es esta última, la que es considerada como unos de los principales problemas ambientales que afecta a todo el país y en especial en los sectores ecosistemas frágiles como la selva peruana –como la región de Ucayali– o las fuentes de recursos hídricos, debido a una falta de control y vigilancia por parte de la entidad competente, es decir, por el Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento. Efectivamente, a pesar de la continua actuación del ministerio referido en el párrafo precedente, los problemas ambientales persisten y en algunos casos se han agravado, lo que se evidencia en los informes elaborados por la Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental, ente rector del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental. Es así como, dentro de los problemas identificados que afectan a la adecuada fiscalización ambiental por parte de la entidad competente, tenemos a la incorrecta planificación ambiental que impacta negativamente en los resultados planteados por la entidad lo que impide la contribución o solución de los diversos problemas ambientales.Es así que el presente trabajo, luego de analizar el Sistema de Saneamiento y el Sistema Nacional de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental, pretende identificar el problema que decanta en insuficiente e inadecuada fiscalización ambiental a cargo del Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, proponiendo una solución que permita mejorar sus labores como entidad fiscalizadora. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Incorporating river morphodynamics in the characterization of key ecological system units for conservation in the western Amazon(Nature Portfolio, 2026-12-01)This study presents a novel methodology for developing a conservation Blueprint in the western Amazon, focusing on the Marañón, Napo, and Ucayali basins. Our approach highlights the critical role of fluvial integrity in shaping ecological functions and biodiversity through floodplain reshaping, habitat interconnecting across forests, and the transport and distribution of sediments, nutrients, and minerals throughout the region. We introduced two ecological attributes, the Modern Morphodynamics Index (MOR) and the Suspended Sediment Index (SSI), which together provide an improved representation of the temporal dynamics and connectivity that rivers impart to the landscape, as well as their influence on biotic dynamics. Our methodology integrates quantification and classification of biotic (five taxa) and abiotic variables across spatially nested hierarchies to assess ecological conditions and human-induced pressure. The resulting Ecological System (ES) units prioritizes areas with high ecological condition scores (i.e., high integrity) and low anthropogenic impact, enabling the development of more targeted conservation strategies. Our findings underscore (1) the value of incorporating MOR and SSI, which identify regions characterized by high dynamism and substantial sediment and nutrient loads as major drivers of biotic patterns; and (2) the urgent need for expanded species diversity surveys to better understand spatiotemporal distribution patterns across these complex river systems. Overall, this comprehensive framework offers a robust foundation for informing conservation planning and infrastructure development, supporting the long-term sustainable management of these critical Amazonian ecosystems.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Characterization and temporal variation of microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the lower Lurín River basin, Peru(Elsevier BV, 2026-11-01)Microplastics (MP) are a major concern for aquatic ecosystems due to their widespread presence and biological impacts. The lower Lurín River basin is particularly vulnerable due to wastewater discharges and solid waste pollution. This study analyzed MP contamination in surface water and sediments at four points during the dry and wet seasons. Raman spectroscopy was used on representative samples to validate visual identification and confirm chemical composition. MP were identified in surface waters (median: 0.24 items/m3; range: 0–0.67) and sediments (median: 20 items/kg; range: 0–80). Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and cellulose, supporting the visual classification. White was the most frequent color in both surface waters and sediments (64.3% and 42.9%, respectively). Fibers were the prevalent morphology (>60%), followed by fragments in water (26.2%) and films in sediments (17.9%). A significant difference in MP abundance was found in sediments (H = 8.305; p = 0.040) between point P1 (closest to the mouth) and P4. In surface water, a negative correlation was observed between precipitation and MP abundance (rs = −0.649; p = 0.004), suggesting a dilution effect. No significant seasonal differences were detected in water (p = 0.310) or sediments (p = 0.791). These results may have been influenced by the 2023 El Niño event, which increased precipitation during the traditional dry season.1