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Item type:Publication, Impact of measured spectrum variation on solar photovoltaic efficiencies worldwide(Center for Open Science, 2021-09-02)In ratings of solar photovoltaic performance, variation in the spectrum of sunlight is commonly neglected. A single spectrum, AM1.5, is used as the sole basis not only for record laboratory efficiencies, but also for commercial module power ratings, the performance metrics for solar power plants, and warranty claims. Incorporation of solar spectrum variation would improve accuracy and reduce the financial consequences of prediction errors. Ground-level measurements of spectral irradiance collected worldwide have been pooled to provide an extensive – though by no means comprehensive – sampling of the variation. Applied to nine solar cell types, the resulting divergence in solar cell performance illustrates that a single spectrum is insufficient for comparison of cells with different spectral responses. In contrast with single-junction cells such as silicon and cadmium telluride, cells with two or more semiconductor junctions tend to have efficiencies below that obtained under AM1.5. Increases in the degree of sun tracking are shown to decrease efficiency for cells with a narrower spectral response. Of the nine cell types, silicon exhibits the least spectral sensitivity: relative site variation ranges from 1% in Lima, Peru to 14% in Edmonton, Canada, with a mean of 4%. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Incremental Neuroconductance to Analyze Performance Losses Due to Soiling in Photovoltaic Generators(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2023-01-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Yield and performance analysis of PERC, HIT, and CIGS photovoltaic systems in five Peruvian city-climates(Elsevier, 2026)Latin American cities face challenges in designing and maintaining distributed photovoltaics (PV), with limited multi-year, cross-climate evidence to guide procurement and policy. We present a three-year outdoor evaluation of 1.5 kWp grid-connected PV systems based on Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC), Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT), and Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) modules installed in five Peruvian cities: Lima (coastal desert), Chachapoyas (tropical montane forest), Arequipa (arid highlands), Tacna (hot desert), and Juliaca (high-altitude Andes). Monitoring followed IEC-61724–1 at one-minute resolution, delivering reference, array, and final yields, capture and system losses, and performance ratio (PR). Diagnostics included electroluminescence (EL) and infrared (IR) thermography. Across all climates, system losses were low and stable (∼0.14–0.31 kWh/kWp/day), highlighting capture losses as the main performance differentiator. HIT modules achieved the most consistent results (PR ≈ 0.83–0.87), sustaining high yields in humid and high-irradiance sites. PERC modules performed reliably in humid/temperate climates but underperformed in arid highlands, where EL/IR revealed early degradation and hotspot formation. CIGS modules remained stable only in the dry desert of Tacna (PR ≈ 0.81); in humid or thermally variable climates, accelerated degradation likely linked to moisture ingress and shading stress reduced PR to ≤ 0.72. The dataset demonstrates how harmonized monitoring and diagnostics can inform technology–climate suitability, O&M standards, and procurement strategies. Results support climate-class specifications—prioritizing HIT in humid/coastal and high-altitude cities, enforcing acceptance tests for PERC in moderate climates, and restricting CIGS to arid sites—thus strengthening reliability assessment and performance-based planning for distributed PV. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Effective DC power rating of PV arrays under challenging operating conditions in desert and tropical regions(Elsevier, 2026)The accurate characterization of photovoltaic (PV) system performance is essential for diagnostics, benchmarking, and O&M. Conventional performance ratio (PR) metrics, standardized in IEC 61724–1, are widely used but remain highly sensitive to irradiance variability, thermal dynamics, and curtailment, often generating false alarms in challenging climates. This study extends a recently proposed statistical method for estimating the effective DC power rating (P₀,eff), the array's nominal power corrected to standard test conditions, by testing multiple irradiance thresholds at two contrasting Peruvian sites: the arid desert of Lima and the tropical rainforest of Chachapoyas. Results show that P₀,eff provides a more stable indicator than PR and PR₍₂₅₎, with uncertainties below 3%. High thresholds (>800 W/m²) yielded the lowest variability (≈1%), while intermediate thresholds (>600 W/m²) balanced stability with greater data coverage. In Lima, the method captured capacity losses from dust deposition, whereas in Chachapoyas it proved robust under persistent cloudiness, where PR fluctuated strongly. A monitoring protocol is proposed in which PR serves as the primary indicator and P₀,eff validates alarms when PR falls below a threshold. This combined approach reduces false alarms while retaining sensitivity to genuine performance losses, offering a practical and climate-resilient tool for PV monitoring and O&M optimization. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Performance loss rate and benchmarking of c-Si and thin-film PV modules considering thermal and spectral effects at a low-latitude site(Elsevier, 2026)Field-based assessment of photovoltaic (PV) module performance provides key insights for accurate lifespan prediction and reliability analysis. However, two significant research gaps remain: the scarcity of long-term evaluations in low-latitude regions and the limited application of established ensemble methods under diverse climatic conditions. This study presents a long-term field performance analysis of eight PV technologies installed in Lima, Peru, a subtropical desert climate at low latitude. Module Performance Ratio (MPR) was evaluated considering the effects of measured temperature and spectral variations. For c-Si-based modules, thermal losses ranged from - 2.7 % to - 4.3 %, while thin-film modules exhibited smaller thermal impacts (- 2.2 % to - 2.6 %). Spectral losses in c-Si modules ranged from - 0.7 % to - 1.5 %. Conversely, a-Si modules recorded spectral gains of 5.7 %. Additional analysis of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor revealed distinct performance degradation pathways across technologies. Ensemble-derived Performance Loss Rates (PLR), combined with climate-influencing factors, enabled benchmarking and 25-year energy yield projections. Our reported PLRs of up to - 1.61 %/year for c-Si slightly exceed reported global-median PLRs, suggesting detrimental effects of Lima’s high humidity and UV exposure. Projections indicate that in Lima HIT modules may outperform IBC and PERT technologies, underscoring the value of region-specific, long-term PV performance studies.