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    Action Versus Reaction: How Geometallurgy Can Improve Mine Waste Management Across the Life of Mine
    (Mineralogical Society of America, 2023-12-01)
    The raw materials industry produces billions of tonnes of mine waste per year. Given increasing metal demand and the global appetite for waste reduction, strategic opportunities to minimise its production must be embedded across the life-of-mine. Adopting a geometallurgical approach to total deposit characterisation—where mineralogical and geochemical data are routinely collected and used to model geoenvironmental domains—offers profound benefits for improving the understanding of the composition and environmental impact of different residues. Using established and emerging technologies, from handheld instruments and core scanners to synchrotrons, throughout a mine’s life—starting already during exploration—may assist the raw materials industry to reduce their waste footprint and adopt circular economy principles.
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    Comparative Study of Iron and Trace Element Mobilization during Fe-Oxide Bioreduction in Mine Tailings: a case study of Ensenada Chapaco (Chile) and Portman Bay (Spain)
    (Cartographic and Geological Institute of Catalonia, 2025-02-01)
    elements (e.g. Ti, Ni, Cd, Pb), leading to contamination of the marine environment. Sea-Tailings Disposal (STD) along the northern coast of Chile (Ensenada Chapaco) and along the eastern coast of Spain (Portman Bay) results in an adverse impact on the environment. This paper focuses on bioreduction under marine conditions. To this end, two column experiments were carried out with samples from Portman Bay and Ensenada Chapaco. Lactate (i.e. organic matter source) was supplied during the experiments. The results obtained are compared with those from batch experiments performed under similar conditions.In the column filled with Portman Bay tailings, the high content of magnetite (15wt%) in contact with water gives rise to a large magnetite surface area and abundant Fe(III), which results in a high release of Fe(II) and Trace Elements (TE). Since Fe(II) adsorbs onto the magnetite surface reducing the availability of Fe(III), the magnetite bioreduction and the consequent TE release decrease after 2000h. By contrast, the magnetite bioreduction lasts longer (3000h) in the column with Ensenada Chapaco tailings. This is because a lower magnetite content in the tailings (1wt%) provides a smaller reactive surface area yielding less Fe(III). Consequently, the concentrations of Fe(II) and TE in the output solutions are lower, which slows down the Fe(II) adsorption onto magnetite. This results in a longer magnetite bioreduction. Bioreduction is regulated by the availability of Fe(III) in both columns.It is inferred that the bioreduction rate diminishes as a function of time and increases as a function of soluble Fe(II) concentration. Moreover, the concentrations of TE released from the two bioreduced tailings exceed the elemental concentrations under marine conditions.
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