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Item type:Publication, Off-chain real estate underlying a trust as a collateral for an on-board asset backed loan for investment(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2021-10-01)By 2021 a structural disconnect existed between two large pools of capital: real estate owners holding significant value in physical property but constrained by the high cost of capital and the bureaucratic and legal burdens of accessing bank credit lines, and crypto investors holding liquid capital but lacking real-world collateral against which to deploy it productively within the emerging decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem. This whitepaper describes the Bitestate architecture, designed to bridge that gap. Real estate is transferred to a local trust managed by a registered trustee bank that secures legal enforceability and ensures KYC and AML compliance; the underlying "Rights of Disposal" are then tokenized as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and used as collateral against revolving asset-backed credit lines provided by crypto lender pools; in the event of default, smart contracts trigger a notification flow that instructs the trustee bank to liquidate the compromised asset and repay the lender. The architecture targets real estate portfolios across Latin America — Peru, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and Chile — with the investment vehicle anchored in a European regulatory regime contemplating the Tokens and Trustworthy Service Providers Act (TVTG) and its Ordinance (TVTV), commonly referred to as a "Blockchain Act" (the specific jurisdiction was left as an open placeholder in the 2021 draft). The contribution of the document is a concrete, legally structured architecture for integrating real-world real estate as collateral in the DeFi ecosystem. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The economic consequences of the loan guarantees and firm’s performance: a moderate role of corporate social responsibility(SAGE Publishing, 2021-10-04)This study examines the causal relationship between loan guarantee and firm’s performance through a moderate role of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study used 350 non-financial firms of China for data analysis. This study used annual panel data set from non-financial firms starting from 2009 to 2019. The findings show that a positive significant association exists among the relationship between loan guarantee and firm’s performance. Moreover, a moderate role of Corporate Social Responsibility also strengthens the relationship between the loan guarantee and firm’s performance. Furthermore, the logit regression results show that the loan guarantee, financial performances and CSR are negatively affecting the long-term zero-debts through all combinations. Also, the financial performances and loan guarantees are negatively influencing the constraints of firms in China, which shows that the financial performances and loan guarantee improvement of the firms lead to removing the constraints of firms in China.