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    Experimental thermodynamic investigation and hybrid RSM-ANN prediction of hydrogen-enriched algal biodiesel combustion
    (Elsevier B.V., 2026-12-01)
    The growing demand for low-carbon and high-efficiency combustion systems has accelerated research on renewable fuels compatible with existing compression ignition (CI) engines. This study experimentally investigated the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with hydrogen-enriched Algal Oil Methyl Ester (AOME) using a hybrid Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. Engine load (0 - 100%), injection pressure (200 - 240 bar), and hydrogen flow rate (3 - 9 LPM) were selected as the primary input parameters. A total of 45 experimental runs were conducted to evaluate peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust emissions. Results indicated that hydrogen enrichment significantly enhanced combustion characteristics, with peak cylinder pressure increasing from 34.75 to 79 bar and HRR rising from 29.72 to 157.62 J/ °CA at full load conditions. Maximum BTE of 44.01% and minimum BSFC of 0.141 kg/kWh were achieved under optimized conditions. Hydrogen addition also reduced CO, HC and smoke emissions by 91%, 90% and 99%, correspondingly, the NOₓ emissions increased at higher loads due to elevated combustion temperatures. The ANN model outperformed RSM, achieving prediction accuracy with R² values exceeding 0.98. Multi-objective optimization produced a desirability value of 0.958. The results prove the potential of hydrogen-enriched AOME dual-fuel operation for sustainable automotive and long-duration CI engine applications aligned with global net-zero and SDG goals.
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    Extinction of hydrogen enriched methane and propane flames through perforated plates flame arrester elements with varying thickness
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-05-27)
    This study investigated the extinction of premixed flames involving methane, propane, hydrogen and air by using a flame arrester element composed of multiple perforated plates. Six stoichiometric mixtures were considered in the experiments, namely, [100%CH4]/air, [25%C3H8+75%H2]/5%He/air, [100%CH4]/10%He/air, [40%C3H8+60%H2]/10%He/air, [75%CH4+25%H2]/air and [10%C3H8+90%H2]/air. Helium was added to three of the mixtures to increase the thermal conductivity and produce different Lewis (Le = 0.72 to 1.36) and Zeldovich numbers (Ze = 4.98 to 8.45). Experiments were performed in a closed duct at 40 kPa and 295 K using flame arrester elements with varying thickness (δplates = 18 to 150 mm) and with orifice diameters of 1.0 and 2.0 mm. The mixtures and arrester configurations were tested at least three times, totaling 240 experiments. A one-dimensional heat-transfer model was also employed to strengthen the interpretation of the experimental observations. The results indicated that mixtures with similar Le and high Ze were successfully extinguished once a sufficiently thick perforated plates assembly was used.
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    Detonation processes application to increase thermal efficiency in gas turbine cycles: Case study for hydrogen enriched fuels
    (Elsevier, 2025)
    This work describes a thermodynamic comparison of the thermal efficiency of gas turbine engines featuring a conventional combustion chamber and a detonation combustion chamber, using methane, ethanol and mixtures of both ethanol and hydrogen and methane and hydrogen as fuels. The composition of gases was determined by the minimization of the Gibbs free energy, whereas temperature, pressure, and velocity of detonation waves were determined by the Chapman-Jouguet theory. The results obtained here show that the DCC gas turbine cycle has a higher net work output and thermal efficiency than the CCC gas turbine cycle for all fuels studied in this work. The maximum thermal efficiency obtained with the DCC gas turbine cycle is indeed 57.22 %, which represents a 53.75 % improvement over the maximum thermal efficiency obtained with the CCC gas turbine cycle (which has a peak thermal efficiency of 37.22 %), under the same pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature.
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