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Item type:Publication, Where is the highest rate of children with anemia in Peru? An answer using grey systems(Science and Information Organization, 2020-01-01)Anemia, or chronic malnutrition, in children under 5 is a social problem that affects the infant crucially in his or her growth and cognitive development. However, this problem presents itself in different ways in each department of Peru. Thus, in this work, the methodology of grey clustering, which is based on grey systems theory, was applied. The case study was conducted in the 25 departments of Peru, to analyze the departments most affected by chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age. The results of the study were that the departments of Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Loreto and Pasco have the highest rate of children with anemia; this may be due to the fact that these departments have greater poverty or negligence with respect to proper food handling. The results of this study could help local authorities such as the Ministry of Health to combat malnutrition, and also serve as a basis for future studies to evaluate the social impact of other conditions on health from a mathematical perspective. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applying Grey systems and inverse distance weighted method to assess water quality from a river(Science and Information Organization, 2021-01-01)The Cañete River basin, in Peru, has suffered an increase in pollution due to various causes, among the main ones being the lack of knowledge, culture of individuals and municipal authorities, economic activities, among others. We analyze this degree of pollution reflected in the upper part of the Cañete river basin through the Grey Clustering method, based on grey systems, which is presented as a good alternative to evaluate water quality in a comprehensive way, making use of Historical data from the monitoring program for the years 2014 and 2015 with nine monitoring points carried out by the National Water Authority (ANA), 6 parameters were defined to evaluate: Hydrogen potential (pH), Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical demand of Oxygen, Total Suspended Solids, Total Manganese and Total Iron based on the PRATI index. For the spatial distribution, interpolation surfaces of the clustering coefficients were created, using the Spatial Analyst extension of the ArcGIS software, which provides tools to create, analyze and map data in raster format or surfaces. The interpolation method used is Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW). The results of the evaluation showed that in 2014 the monitoring points determined, through the Grey Clustering method, a level of contamination "Uncontaminated" at each point except for point P7 which gives us an "Acceptable" level according to the PRATI indices, while for the year 2015 points P1 and P2 indicate a level of contamination "Moderately contaminated", point 3 an "Acceptable" level, after points P4 to P9 they present a level of "Not contaminated". Finally, the Grey Clustering analysis method will determine the water quality in the 9 monitoring points of the upper-middle basin of the Cañete River in the years 2014 and 2015. Allowing to observe the reduction of water quality in points P1 and P2 for the period of the years 2014 and 2015 respectively, being crucial to achieve water resource management among local governments that can insert awareness and sustainable development policies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applying grey systems to determine if mining activity is main factor of water pollution in Huallaga River in Peru(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-07-01)Peru is a country with a lot of mining activities; however, these activities have a bad reputation due to pollution water. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the water quality of the Alto Huallaga watershed, Peru, due to the presence of nearby mining companies and urban populations. To this end, the research question is as follows: Do mining companies pollute the Alto Huallaga River more than urban populations? The research question is answered through the Grey Clustering methodology, which is based on grey systems, using information known from the National Water Authority (ANA). The main purpose of this work is to compare the quality of water that has been influenced by contaminants from mining and non-mining activities. The results obtained in this work show that the environmental management of the mining companies close to the rivered reduces the pollution produced by mining and non-mining activities to levels acceptable by law. On the contrary, it is observed that the absence of mining units has an influence on the increase in urban pollution produced by cities and towns near the watershed, which affects water quality. This research shows that formal mining activity in the watershed has a positive impact on water quality and allows future research to be opened regarding the influence on other environmental factors such as air, soil, biodiversity and even the social environment. Finally, this research is the beginning of a change in perspective on mining in the country. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Model based on grey systems to assess water quality from mines in operation and environmental liabilities(Seventh Sense Research Group, 2022-09-01)Currently, water is essential for human activities, as it is an indispensable source for life and human development. However, one of the main problems that today's society presents is the contamination of water bodies, which reduces water quality. In addition, it generates social conflicts because a body of water contaminated with heavy metals or other wastes can cause critical illnesses. The case study focuses on La Libertad, Peru. There are two open pit mines and several mining environmental liabilities; close to these mines is the Moche River. The methodology used in this paper was the grey clustering method that uses the center-point triangular whitenization weight functions, also known as CTWF, which is based on grey systems. The results showed that there is contamination around the monitoring points around the mining companies and environmental liabilities since these monitoring points present subcategory A3, which is, according to Peruvian legislation, a type of water that needs to be purified with advanced treatment. These results could help to inform the state about the risks presented in the water body so that the governmental entity can proceed to carry out actions to monitor and control effluents from mining environmental liabilities present in the area and mining units. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Socio-Economic Impact Assessment from a Scholarship Program Founded by Mining Project Using Grey Systems(Seventh Sense Research Group, 2023-01-01)The large-scale mining operations around indigenous and rural populations, despite their tremendous profit for Peru's economy, have usually been accompanied by limited improvement in wealth and standards of living and thus leading currently to a rise in social conflict and violence. A case study was carried out on a scholarship programme founded by the mining company Las Bambas surrounding the community of Fuerabamba. This study was conducted using a method based on grey systems. One main stakeholder group and four evaluation criteria were recognized. The result has reported that the program has a positive social impact on the sponsored students, thus contributing to closing education gaps in the country and promoting diversity. The method showed interesting results and could be applied to future socio-economic evaluations of programs that offer significant opportunities for young people, especially those founded by mining companies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Grey Systems Model to Assess Water Quality in Mantaro River in Peru(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-11-01)The section of the Mantaro River that flows through the department of Huancavelica, Peru, has been affected by toxic wastes and mineral residues from industrial and mining activities, which have directly impacted the water quality. In this work, a grey system model, based on the grey clustering method, was used to assess water quality. The grey clustering method was applied using the central point of triangular whitening weight functions (CTWF). In addition, the Prati index and the Environmental Quality Standards for water from the Peru government were revised and used for this study. In the case study, six physicochemical parameters, pH, DO, BOD, Cd, As, and Pb, at nine monitoring points were assessed along the Mantaro River. The results showed that the sixth monitoring point (P6), which is influenced by mining activity, was highly contaminated, while the other points were classified as noncontaminated. Finally, the results obtained by applying the grey clustering method can be useful to competent authorities, for decision making on water management in this watershed.