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Item type:Publication, Soil quality assessment from areas of great mining interest using the grey clustering method(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-11-01)Mining is one of the most important activities in Peru, although controversial because it is currently highly criticized for generating environmental liabilities that mostly contain a high content of metals which contaminate the different environmental components such as water., soil, air, biodiversity and social among others, for the study and analysis of the soil in a specific area we will use the grey clustering methodology, which determines, based on the grey systems and it should be noted that for this analysis it was also used as a reference the parameters defined by the Kelley Directives, a clustering coefficient through various calculations and with these define the level of soil contamination in 5 sectors located in the communities of Michiquillay and La Encañada. With the calculated grey clustering coefficients, it was determined that, of the five sectors, only the Michiquillay sector presents a slight level of contamination, and the other sectors are in uncontaminated soils, at least for the parameters that were selected. Mining activity, the authorities in charge of measuring the environmental impact in the sector, can proceed to investigate and infract if the permitted limits are exceeded and these have not been correctly remedied. The results of this study could be an important contribution for the analysis of soil contamination and the impact on the same of future mining projects that are developed in Michiquillay and La Encañada communities studied, how much the natural conditions of the soils have changed after the operation of the mine. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applying grey systems to determine if mining activity is main factor of water pollution in Huallaga River in Peru(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-07-01)Peru is a country with a lot of mining activities; however, these activities have a bad reputation due to pollution water. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the water quality of the Alto Huallaga watershed, Peru, due to the presence of nearby mining companies and urban populations. To this end, the research question is as follows: Do mining companies pollute the Alto Huallaga River more than urban populations? The research question is answered through the Grey Clustering methodology, which is based on grey systems, using information known from the National Water Authority (ANA). The main purpose of this work is to compare the quality of water that has been influenced by contaminants from mining and non-mining activities. The results obtained in this work show that the environmental management of the mining companies close to the rivered reduces the pollution produced by mining and non-mining activities to levels acceptable by law. On the contrary, it is observed that the absence of mining units has an influence on the increase in urban pollution produced by cities and towns near the watershed, which affects water quality. This research shows that formal mining activity in the watershed has a positive impact on water quality and allows future research to be opened regarding the influence on other environmental factors such as air, soil, biodiversity and even the social environment. Finally, this research is the beginning of a change in perspective on mining in the country.