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Reflexión introductoria: los bosques del Perú desde una mirada compleja
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-09-12)
Essay on the issue of the situation of forests in Peru. It presents, in a concise manner, the contributions of the articles from the special dossier «Forests and Sustainable Development in Peru: An Interdisciplinary Perspective». It includes reflections on the actions and policies that the State has been carrying out; analysis of how businesses and the population use forests, some from a historical perspective and others with more contemporary approaches. The texts in the dossier are presented according to the classic division of Peruvian geography: coast, highlands, and jungle.
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Diversidad específica y su estado de conservación en las Lomas de Mangomarca, Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-10-29)
The specific diversity of the fragile ecosystem 'Lomas de Mangomarca,' located in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Peru), was characterized through the identification of lichen, bryophyte, vascular plant, reptile, bird, and mammal species. Emphasis was placed on the conservation status of the species inhabiting this ecosystem, in accordance with national regulations on threatened species. The threats to the Lomas ecosystem were assessed through direct field observations and the perceptions of local residents via surveys. Ten lichen species, four bryophytes, and 36 vascular plants were recorded, complemented by data from previous studies, totaling 67 species, 28 birds, three reptiles, and one mammal, of which 18 are endemic to Peru. At the global level, the conservation status of the species shows that 40 species are at risk of extinction, as included in the IUCN Global Red List, and eight species are nationally threatened. The main direct threat to the Lomas de Mangomarca ecosystem is habitat loss caused by urban expansion, while the indirect driver is weak governance in the Lomas. Conservation in this ecosystem is vital to prevent the local extinction of key species that inhabit these fragile ecosystems, as 35% of the recorded species are at risk of extinction globally, and there has been a 49% reduction in vegetation cover by 2020 compared to the year 2000.
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Soberanías en conflicto: conservación y naciones indígenas en la Amazonía peruana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022)
Indigenous organizations, international actors, and national authorities portray different images of the relationship between ‘Indigenous Peoples’ and the natural environment. Based on these images, these actors deploy ecological, economic, and security arguments to create or transform protected areas. By exploring three cases of conflicts over inception and management of protected areas in the Peruvian Amazon this paper maps the tensions around the different images and explores how indigenous organizations and state authorities - backed by international actors - engage with security, economic and ecological rationales from their own sovereignty standpoint. The paper argues that the State weakens indigenous political aspiration of sovereign territorial control by translating this agenda into depoliticized mechanisms and assumptions of modern international environmentalism, which ultimately limits their capacity to truly contribute to conservation goals. Rather, a ‘nation-building’ approach to conservation, by conceiving Indigenous Nations as sovereign partners in environmental management, might give environmental initiatives legitimacy.
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Distribution and conservation status of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) in Peru
(Elsevier GmbH, 2022-04-01)
The mountain tapir Tapirus pinchaque is one of the largest and most threatened mammals of the northern South American Andes. It is distributed in montane forests and paramos mainly above 2000 m, from Colombia to north Peru. The species is categorised as globally Endangered and is mainly threatened by habitat degradation, habitat loss and fragmentation. Although up-to-date information is lacking in Peru on its distribution, population and conservation status, this population could play an important part in the global persistence of the species. We compiled all known recent occurrence records for the species from Peru, as well as data from camera traps with an effort of over 10,000 camera/days between 2016 and 2018. We modelled the tapir's distribution using remote-sensed vegetation indices, topographic and bioclimatic variables in MaxEnt, followed by post-processing steps to remove unoccupied areas, to produce a current range map for the species in Peru. We overlaid this with spatial information on threats and protected areas. We estimate a range of almost 183,000 ha in Peru, in two main regions, north and south of the Huancabamba river, of which approximately 60% is within protected areas. However, protection gaps still exist, especially in the south of its range. Mining concessions cover 27% of its current range and we estimate 28,000 ha of forest loss within its extent of occurrence between 2001 and 2020. We provide recommendations for its conservation, including priority areas for increased protection, binational initiatives to ensure connectivity with populations in Ecuador and to use the tapir as a flagship species in efforts to protect montane ecosystems for water conservation.
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“La agenda del movimiento indígena es grande, va más allá de las Reservas”
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-06-09)
Fermín Chimatani Tayori is an indigenous Harakbut leader from Puerto Luz, Madre de Dios (Perú). He was twice president of the Executor of the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve Administration Contract (ECA Amarakaeri). He is currently president of the National Association of Executors of the Communal Reserves Administration Contract (ANECAP). Recognized by the Peruvian state, Communal Reserves are direct use Protected Natural Areas. These represent an innovative initiative for the coadministration of conservation between indigenous organizations in the Peruvian Amazon and the National Service for Protected Natural Areas (SERNANP). In this interview, Fermín Chimatani Tayori shares his experiences as a key actor in conceptualizing and executing of this process.
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Planning for autonomy and conservation: ‘Life Plans’ and communal reserves in the Amazonian borders of Peru
(Routledge, 2024-01-01)
State-promoted biodiversity conservation can either align with or diverge from Indigenous Peoples’ priorities, knowledge, and self-determined development paths. Drawing on fieldwork at the Amazon borders of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, this paper examines Indigenous organizations’ efforts to uphold territorial rights and pursue planning with Indigenous values in landscapes earmarked for conservation. The key question centers on how ‘border configurations’ affect grassroots planning and conservation focusing on the experience of Peruvian Secoya (Siékopai) People. Using expert interviews and ethnographic methods, the paper finds that conservation agencies risk losing credibility without genuine efforts toward social equity and well-being, constrained by mandates that often neglect local needs. The success of Life Plans depends on solidarity networks that balance conservation with viable economic alternatives, equitable power dynamics, and access to services. Ultimately, the paper shows that Life Plans empower Indigenous organizations, offering meaningful options for political self-representation within Amazonian conservation.
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The Andes–Amazon–Atlantic pathway: A foundational hydroclimate system for social–ecological system sustainability
(National Academy of Sciences, 2024-05-28)
The Amazon River Basin’s extraordinary social–ecological system is sustained by various water phases, fluxes, and stores that are interconnected across the tropical Andes mountains, Amazon lowlands, and Atlantic Ocean. This “Andes–Amazon–Atlantic” (AAA) pathway is a complex hydroclimatic system linked by the regional water cycle through atmospheric circulation and continental hydrology. Here, we aim to articulate the AAA hydroclimate pathway as a foundational system for research, management, conservation, and governance of aquatic systems of the Amazon Basin. We identify and describe the AAA pathway as an interdependent, multidirectional, and multiscale hydroclimate system. We then present an assessment of recent (1981 to 2020) changes in the AAA pathway, primarily reflecting an acceleration in the rates of hydrologic fluxes (i.e., water cycle intensification). We discuss how the changing AAA pathway orchestrates and impacts social–ecological systems. We conclude with four recommendations for the sustainability of the AAA pathway in ongoing research, management, conservation, and governance.
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Governance and Conservation Effectiveness in Protected Areas and Indigenous and Locally Managed Areas
(Annual Reviews Inc., 2023-11-13)
Increased conservation action to protect more habitat and species is fueling a vigorous debate about the relative effectiveness of different sorts of protected areas. Here we review the literature that compares the effectiveness of protected areas managed by states and areas managed by Indigenous peoples and/or local communities. We argue that these can be hard comparisons to make. Robust comparative case studies are rare, and the epistemic communities producing them are fractured by language, discipline, and geography. Furthermore the distinction between these different forms of protection on the ground can be blurred. We also have to be careful about the value of this sort of comparison as the consequences of different forms of conservation for people and nonhuman nature are messy and diverse. Measures of effectiveness, moreover, focus on specific dimensions of conservation performance, which can omit other important dimensions. With these caveats, we report on findings observed by multiple study groups focusing on different regions and issues whose reports have been compiled into this article. There is a tendency in the data for community-based or co-managed governance arrangements to produce beneficial outcomes for people and nature. These arrangements are often accompanied by struggles between rural groups and powerful states. Findings are highly context specific and global generalizations have limited value.
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An Unexpected Record of the Endemic Species Polylepis albicans Pilger (Rosaceae) in Huancavelica, Peru, with Notes on Its Conservation and Complex Geographic Distribution Pattern
(Pensoft Publishers, 2023-01-01)
Polylepis albicans Pilger (Rosaceae) is restricted to the Cordillera Blanca in Ancash and La Libertad, northwestern Peru. Here, we report the occurrence of a new population of the species in Huancavelica, central Peru. We analyzed its morphology and compared samples of the new record with samples collected from the Cor-dillera Blanca, where the main populations of the species are concentrated. We discuss the complex patterns of the geographic distribution P. albicans and the implications for its conservation.
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Rasmussen, Mattias Borg. (2024). Horizontes inciertos del Pastoruri: Comunidad, conservación y cambio climático en la Cordillera Blanca del Perú. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 221 pp.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-12-15)
El libro narra las tensiones entre la Comunidad Campesina de Cátac y el Parque Nacional Huascarán desde 1975, año de creación del parque como zona protegida. El autor se centra en las dinámicas escalares donde convergen políticas de conservación de escala global con disputas locales sobre lo que el autor denomina «territorio-recursos». En el contexto del cambio climático, los paisajes se reconfiguran y se requiere que las políticas de conservación sean repensadas desde la justicia social.
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