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    Stochastic benchmarking
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2021-12-11)
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    Benchmarking
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2021-12-11)
    Benchmarking is an efficiency performance measurement procedure that allows firms to compare their performance to the top competitors. In this chapter, benchmarking (as an efficiency performance measurement tool using a specific indicator) and key performance indicators are first briefly introduced. Then, we introduce efficiency and productivity and the ways for measuring the different types of efficiencies.
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    Regulatory Gap Versus Performance Reality: Thermal Assessment of a Social Housing Module in the Peruvian Andes
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025)
    In high-altitude regions of the Global South, social housing programs are essential for mitigating vulnerability to low temperatures, but their standardized designs often fail to meet thermal performance codes. This study evaluates a “Sumaq Wasi” adobe housing module in the Peruvian Andes (Kunturkanki, 4237 m a.s.l.) during the 2023 frost season. We comparatively applied the 2014 and 2022 draft versions of the Peruvian standard EM.110 to assess the building envelope’s thermal transmittance and condensation risk, benchmarking monitored indoor temperatures against adaptive comfort models. The results revealed widespread non-compliance with thermal transmittance limits, especially for the roof and floor, although condensation risk was low. While indoor temperatures failed to meet conventional standards, they aligned with regionally adapted comfort ranges. We conclude that the standardized module design is insufficient for local climatic demands and argue that social housing policies must evolve, balancing regulatory stringency with context-aware bioclimatic design to be effective.
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    Performance loss rate and benchmarking of c-Si and thin-film PV modules considering thermal and spectral effects at a low-latitude site
    (Elsevier, 2026)
    Field-based assessment of photovoltaic (PV) module performance provides key insights for accurate lifespan prediction and reliability analysis. However, two significant research gaps remain: the scarcity of long-term evaluations in low-latitude regions and the limited application of established ensemble methods under diverse climatic conditions. This study presents a long-term field performance analysis of eight PV technologies installed in Lima, Peru, a subtropical desert climate at low latitude. Module Performance Ratio (MPR) was evaluated considering the effects of measured temperature and spectral variations. For c-Si-based modules, thermal losses ranged from - 2.7 % to - 4.3 %, while thin-film modules exhibited smaller thermal impacts (- 2.2 % to - 2.6 %). Spectral losses in c-Si modules ranged from - 0.7 % to - 1.5 %. Conversely, a-Si modules recorded spectral gains of 5.7 %. Additional analysis of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor revealed distinct performance degradation pathways across technologies. Ensemble-derived Performance Loss Rates (PLR), combined with climate-influencing factors, enabled benchmarking and 25-year energy yield projections. Our reported PLRs of up to - 1.61 %/year for c-Si slightly exceed reported global-median PLRs, suggesting detrimental effects of Lima’s high humidity and UV exposure. Projections indicate that in Lima HIT modules may outperform IBC and PERT technologies, underscoring the value of region-specific, long-term PV performance studies.