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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.Community participation

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    The thrive for a new heritage ethos in Peru?: The Qhapaq Ñan’s policymaking and the ethics of community participation
    (Cambridge University Press, 2024-08-01)
    This article examines the Qhapaq Ñan Project in Peru and its unprecedented mobilization of heritage policymaking to foster a participatory approach. The World Heritage listing of the Qhapaq Ñan, or Inca road system, catalyzed a new ethos in the Peruvian cultural heritage sector, reflected in a cohesive set of values and practices centered on community participation. This study analyzes the crafting of a participatory approach within Peruvian national heritage regulations despite legal, technical, and ideological constraints, following the rationales and processes that challenged traditional material-centered paradigms. It focuses on how heritage specialists reimagined their ethical commitments in conceptualizing and implementing this framework. It further demonstrates how participatory practices intersect with official regulations and informal practices within pre-existing technical and normative structures, integrating elements such as benefits, consultation, and collaboration. Therefore, the adoption of the Qhapaq Ñan’s participatory approach is argued not merely as a passive compliance with intergovernmental policy recommendations but as an active assertion of ethical perspectives and practices by heritage specialists.
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    The politics of participation in the Qhapaq Ñan Project: governmentality and heritage-making in Peru
    (Taylor & Francis, 2026-01-01)
    This paper examines the power dynamics embedded in the participatory policy of the Qhapaq Ñan Project, a state-led heritage management programme in Peru, over the past two decades. Developed in the context of securing the Qhapaq Ñan's inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage site – a transnational network of precolonial roads and associated sites – this study analyzes how participation functions as both a tool and a technique of governance. Drawing on Foucault's concept of governmentality and Li's notion of the 'will to improve', and grounded on a qualitative analysis of three monumental preservation programmes – Huaycán de Cieneguilla, Huánuco Pampa, and Aypate – this study demonstrates that participatory practices operate as a hybrid of sovereignty, disciplinary and governmental techniques. These practices are calibrated to engage local communities while simultaneously shaping and constraining the scope of their agency. Framed as an ethical commitment to 'improve' local conditions and heritage relations, participation opened spaces for negotiation, yet these were strictly circumscribed by legal, technical, and normative limits. Ultimately, the study shows that participatory approaches are subsumed within structural hierarchies shaped by dominant technical views of material preservation and development, thereby restricting local agency and reinforcing state control over relationships between society and the precolonial past.
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