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Item type:Publication, Experimental modal-based damage evaluation of masonry cross-vaults under quasi-static and dynamic cyclic loading(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-09-19)Masonry cross-vaults are double-curvature structural systems widely employed in historic churches and monumental buildings, which exhibit a pronounced vulnerability to seismic actions owing to the mechanical characteristics of their constituent materials. In such structures, diagonal cracking induced by in-plane shear deformation represents a typical failure mechanism under seismic loading. Despite this, limited experimental and numerical research has been conducted to assess the seismic response of masonry cross-vaults associated with this failure mechanism. Furthermore, the effect of structural damage on the dynamic properties of masonry cross-vaults remains insufficiently investigated in the existing literature. Accordingly, this study aimed to provide additional insight into the seismic response and modal-based damage evolution of a cross-vault made of alternative materials, namely Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs), characterised by in-plane shear behaviour. Two specimens were tested under controlled laboratory conditions: one subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading, previously investigated by the authors, and the other subjected to dynamic excitation on a uniaxial shaking table. At predefined loading phases, modal parameters were identified through Operational Modal Analysis using the time-domain stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method. Structural damage was evaluated at both the detection and localisation levels through global indicators derived from modal properties as well as spatially distributed local indicators. Experimental observations confirmed the development of shear-related cracking patterns consistent with the expected structural behaviour of cross-vaults under lateral actions. The evolution of modal properties provided reliable information on damage progression across loading stages. Furthermore, a comparison of loading conditions revealed differences in the cracking pattern and vibration-based indicators of masonry cross-vaults. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Non-Destructive Testing and Historic Building Information Modelling for the Structural Diagnosis of the Church of the Society of Jesus in Cusco, Peru(Inderscience Publishers, 2023-12-03)This paper aims at presenting the results of a set of non-destructive tests (NDT) applied to an emblematic stone masonry church and the generation of a 3D parametric model to store and visualise structural diagnosis information following the historic building information modelling (HBIM) framework. Reverse engineering techniques were applied to obtain a precise point cloud of the church. NDT results exposed that the church currently presents several structural anomalies such as cracks, efflorescence, and moisture, among others. In addition, the mechanical characterisation showed that the masonry walls and pillars have an elasticity modulus within the expected range. Furthermore, with the application of operational modal analysis (OMA), it was possible to identify three modes of vibration of the structure. The representation of all the non-geometric information inside the HBIM model plus the generation of a custom plugin allowed the visualisation and adequately managing of the structural diagnosis information of the project. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Integration of NDT, 3D Parametric Modelling, and Nonlinear Numerical Analysis for the Seismic Assessment of a Vaulted Stone-Masonry Historical Building(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-07-01)This paper presents the integration of parametric modelling with NDT (NDT) and advanced numerical simulations for assessing the seismic response of an emblematic stone-masonry vaulted construction, the 16th-century church of the Society of Jesus located in Cusco, Peru. Revit parametric families allowed the creation of complex curved elements such as vaults and 3D geometrical models of the church based on a hybrid point cloud. The onsite survey results indicated that the main anomalies correspond to the presence of biological agents and cracking. In contrast, NDT allowed the estimation of the masonry material properties and the modal identification primarily of the towers. Finally, the application of pushover analyses allowed the estimation of the structure's maximum load capacity and post-peak behavoir. It was possible to determine that some collapse mechanisms (overturning of main façade and bell towers, and the generation of hinges in curved elements) can be activated in medium-strong earthquakes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Structural damage detection on a full-scale masonry cross-vault subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading tests(International Operational Modal Analysis Conference (IOMAC), 2025)This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign for structural damage detection on a full-scale alternative-masonry cross-vault subjected to quasi-static cyclic tests. The masonry constituent material was composed of stabilised compressed earth blocks and soil-cement mortar. The cross-vault specimen presented a square plan with a span of approximately 3.20 m. Its boundary conditions consisted of two fixed corners that restrained displacements and rotations in all directions, and two corners that were placed over four-wheeled steel masses that enabled horizontal displacements. The masonry cross-vault was subjected to incremental horizontal cyclic load following a displacement-controlled approach to capture its in-plane shear failure. A total of 14 cyclic load sequences were applied to the specimen, reaching a maximum displacement of about 40 mm. The damage detection was evaluated in terms of frequency decrease and modal shape variations, estimated by operational modal analyses (OMA) technique carried out every two cyclic loads sequences considering ambient vibrations as excitation source. The Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) method implemented in the ARTeMIS Modal software estimated the specimen's frequencies. The results show an important decay in natural frequencies and variations of the first three mode shapes, especially when the vault experienced severe damage.1