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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.Global change

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    Cambio ambiental global y metabolismo social local: marcos de interpretación, herramientas de valoración y políticas derivadas
    (University of Atlántico, 2023-01-01)
    El Informe de la Evaluación Mundial de la Diversidad Biológica y los Servicios de los Ecosistemas publicado por la Plataforma Intergubernamental sobre Biodiversidad y Servicios de los Ecosistemas (2019) concluía, entre otras cuestiones, que el ritmo del cambio global en la naturaleza durante los últimos 50 años no tiene precedentes en la historia de la humanidad. En este contexto de aceleración del cambio y situación de emergencia climática actual se hace necesario avanzar en el establecimiento de bases teóricas y metodológicas que permitan comprender sus mecanismos de funcionamiento e impactos a distintas escalas temporales y geográficas, considerando, a su vez, la especificidad de los distintos territorios y hábitats. Con objeto de avanzar en el conocimiento sobre la situación mundial de emergencia ambiental y sus instrumentos de valoración y mitigación, este monográfico lanzó un llamamiento a la contribución de trabajos teórico-metodológicos y de análisis de casos prácticos que tuvieran en consideración, la diversidad territorial y multiescalaridad de los procesos ambientales y de las políticas diseñadas para su tratamiento, tomando como punto de partida los marcos de interpretación del cambio global y del metabolismo social. En su consideración conjunta, se revela la utilidad de crear marcos teórico-metodológicos de entendimiento común, pero adaptados a la diversidad de cada territorio y escala. Igualmente, se identifica la utilidad de las políticas públicas fundamentadas en la economía ecológica, pero reforzadas con las nuevas formas de gobernanza territorial caracterizadas por la incorporación de la participación y el fomento de la coordinación y cooperación multinivel, multiescalar y sectorial.
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    Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025)
    Understanding the capacity of forests to adapt to climate change is of pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this is still widely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly acute in high-biodiversity tropical forests. Here, we examined how tropical forests of the Americas have shifted community trait composition in recent decades as a response to changes in climate. Based on historical trait-climate relationships, we found that, overall, the studied functional traits show shifts of less than 8% of what would be expected given the observed changes in climate. However, the recruit assemblage shows shifts of 21% relative to climate change expectation. The most diverse forests on Earth are changing in functional trait composition but at a rate that is fundamentally insufficient to track climate change.
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    Microbial death in the Andes: necromass declines despite growth and carbon-use-efficiency increases with decadal soil warming
    (Elsevier, 2026)
    The growth and death of soil microbes are important drivers of soil carbon formation. A warming climate is predicted to affect both the production of microbial biomass and the stability of microbial residues (necromass) held in soils. However, we have very little information on how warming in tropical soils will affect these processes, and on the effect of temperature on microbial production and turnover over different time-scales. To address this, we studied temperature effects on microbial-mediated C cycling across two different time-scales, using a 20 ⁰C mean annual temperature gradient in the Peruvian Andes (long-term effects) and decadal experimental-warming via soil translocation (11-years of temperature effects). At long-term timescales, a legacy of warmer temperatures decreased microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), microbial biomass C, and decreased fungal and bacterial necromass concentration in soils. At decadal timescales, experimental warming increased CUE, microbial production and microbial biomass concentration (likely the result of concomitant changes in substrate availability). However, this did not translate into increased microbial necromass concentration, which generally declined with warming across all temporal scales. Together, we show that warmer temperatures over decadal (11-year) timescales affect soil microbial processes to potentially increase their C input to soil (increased CUE, microbial production, and biomass) but we find no evidence that this C became stabilized as the necromass C pool decreased. Our results indicate that warming can alter microbial community metabolism to potentially increase necromass C inputs to soil, although we find no evidence to show that this offset overall soil C loss with warming.
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