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Item type:Publication, Numerical study and optimization of air-conditioning systems grilles used in indoor environments(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-12-01)The air flow distribution characterizing conditioned indoor environments obtained following conventional design methodologies does not always guarantee both thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) for all occupants. This occurs because this air flow distribution depends on factors such as the air supply conditions, the grilles and diffusers position/size, and the environmental conditions. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to numerically study the influence of the air supply conditions and the positioning and size of air-conditioning system grilles on the thermal comfort and IAQ in indoor environments. For this purpose, an optimization scheme involving genetic algorithms and computational fluid dynamics techniques has been initially developed. Three objective functions have been next separately optimized, predicted mean vote—predicted percentage dissatisfied (PMV-PPD), percentage of dissatisfied due to draft (PD) and air change effectiveness (ACE). The optimal indoor environment configuration based on the PPD produces the best results in terms of thermal comfort (PPD = 6.6%, PD = 18.7%) indexes. This configuration also features the second lowest energy consumption (774 W). Furthermore, the configuration based on the ACE both presents PMV (≤ − 1.3) and PD (≥ 20%) values far from the acceptability criteria given by the standards, and involves the highest energy consumption (1832 W). Notice that the optimization of thermal comfort indexes implies indirectly optimizing the related systems energy demand as well. When using indexes such as PPD and PD as the optimization objective functions indeed, the total energy consumption is also reduced. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Estrategias bioclimáticas para clima frío tropical de altura. Validación de prototipo de vivienda. Puno, Perú(University of Cuenca, 2021-01-27)Las condiciones de frío extremo en la región del altiplano peruano generan problemas recurrentes que afectan la salud y la economía de la población local. El limitado desempeño térmico de las viviendas sobre los 4200 m s.n.m., sumado a una economía de subsistencia y a la necesaria dispersión en el territorio debido a su actividad ganadera, agrava la situación de vulnerabilidad de la población. En el marco de un proyecto de transferencia tecnológica para la mejora térmica y constructiva de la vivienda altoandina, se diseñó, construyó y validó, junto con la población local, un prototipo bioclimático y sismorresistente en la localidad de Orduña, Puno, Perú. El presente documento se centra en las estrategias bioclimáticas pasivas implementadas en el prototipo, lográndose demostrar que es posible obtener confort térmico en dichas condiciones extremas a partir de la utilización casi exclusiva de materiales locales y naturales. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Convection-based ventilation between courtyards in traditional houses in the city of Lima. The Riva-Agüero house(CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2022-01-01)Las casas-patio tradicionales de la ciudad de Lima fueron edificadas bajo una evidente influencia árabe, en lo constructivo, formal y estilístico. La similitud en el clima desértico litoral permitió la transferencia de algunas estrategias bioclimáticas, entre ellas una disposición particular con dos patios. La ubicación relativa, escala y acabados de dichos patios sugieren la intención de calentar el primero y más amplio, procurando mantener más fresco y húmedo el segundo, y con ello inducir la ventilación por convección de modo que el aire atraviese los ambientes principales. El estudio pretende identificar la presencia de dicha estrategia, para lo cual se realizó un monitoreo energético de la Casa Riva-Agüero en un día cálido y soleado de verano. Los resultados permitieron demostrar que sí se logra activar una ventilación por convección entre los patios, ayudando a mantener los niveles de temperatura al interior de los espacios principales dentro de rangos confortables. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Double quincha in Lima, Peru: Innovation, adaptation and comfort in the XVII–XIX centuries(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024-01-01)Peruvian construction technology has an original tradition of thousands of years, from a completely indigenous remote past to the cultural mixture of the viceroyalty centuries and the encounter with the rest of the world. This tradition has been, as is to be expected, strongly conditioned by the material characteristics of the geographical, climatic and territorial environment, with multiple adaptations and innovations. One of these innovations is the quincha, used throughout the coast of the Peruvian viceroyalty for the second and third levels of all structures. But the documentation indicates the use of a variant, the “double quincha” as an element that, using the width of more rigid supports, created an internal air chamber. This work references colonial and contemporary documentation and case studies in Lima, to verify the properties for thermal comfort of the double quincha, in one of the first studies of its kind for this material. Architectural surveys and systematic temperature measurements were carried out at multiple buildings in the center of the historic city-as well as the use of models in an energy simulator program. The results allow us to understand a little more both the constructive reasoning of quincha and the possibilities of this traditional method. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Optimizing Thermal Comfort and Life Cycle Cost in High-Altitude Rural Housing Using NSGA-II and EnergyPlus(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026-06-01)Improving indoor thermal comfort in high-altitude rural housing remains a persistent challenge for low-income communities in the Peruvian Andes. This study evaluates the thermal performance of a standardized Sumaq Wasi modular dwelling in Langui (Cusco, Peru, 3969 m.a.s.l.) and proposes passive envelope modifications that enhance comfort while preserving economic feasibility. A multi-objective optimization approach combining EnergyPlus simulations with the NSGA-II algorithm was applied to minimize total thermal discomfort (TDItotal), bedroom underheating (TDIUbedrooms), and 10-year life cycle costs (LCC). The calibrated model incorporated field measurements of indoor air temperatures. Global sensitivity analysis using Morris and Sobol methods identified ceiling thermal transmittance as the dominant contributor for TDItotal, and exterior wall solar absorptance as the driver of TDIUbedrooms. Optimization reduced TDItotal and TDIUbedrooms to 22% and 8% of the base case, requiring additional investments of USD 2347 and USD 1959, respectively, above the base case cost (USD 8100). Cost-neutral strategies, raising exterior wall solar absorptance to 0.9 and increasing the skylight-to-roof ratio (13.1%), reduced bedroom underheating to 30% of the base case and outperformed a scenario with two 400 W electric heaters. These results demonstrate that context-appropriate passive design can substantially improve comfort under severe climatic and financial constraints. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Regulatory Gap Versus Performance Reality: Thermal Assessment of a Social Housing Module in the Peruvian Andes(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025)In high-altitude regions of the Global South, social housing programs are essential for mitigating vulnerability to low temperatures, but their standardized designs often fail to meet thermal performance codes. This study evaluates a “Sumaq Wasi” adobe housing module in the Peruvian Andes (Kunturkanki, 4237 m a.s.l.) during the 2023 frost season. We comparatively applied the 2014 and 2022 draft versions of the Peruvian standard EM.110 to assess the building envelope’s thermal transmittance and condensation risk, benchmarking monitored indoor temperatures against adaptive comfort models. The results revealed widespread non-compliance with thermal transmittance limits, especially for the roof and floor, although condensation risk was low. While indoor temperatures failed to meet conventional standards, they aligned with regionally adapted comfort ranges. We conclude that the standardized module design is insufficient for local climatic demands and argue that social housing policies must evolve, balancing regulatory stringency with context-aware bioclimatic design to be effective.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Evaluating thermal comfort models in high-altitude rural areas of the peruvian andes(Universidad del Bio Bio, 2025)Cold indoor environments in rural Andean housing raise concerns about thermal comfort, yet the applicability of existing comfort models to these contexts remains insufficiently examined. This study has compared predictions from five thermal comfort models, including PMV, aPMV, and regional approaches, against field data. Data were collected from 154 residents of Langui (3,969 m.a.s.l.) through culturally adapted surveys and environmental measurements. The aPMV model showed the highest agreement with thermal sensation votes, achieving 58.4% accuracy (±1 category), and enabled the definition of a comfort range between 14 °C and 25 °C. The results emphasize the need for local design criteria that address cold indoor conditions in Andean housing.29