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Living behind symbolic and concrete barriers of total institutions: Reflections on the transition between domestic symbolic patriarchal imprisonment and co-governed, state-sponsored incarceration in Perú
(Queensland University of Technology, 2020-07-27)
This article seeks to analyse the paradox of freedom and imprisonment, reflecting on the connections between and nuances of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) and women's imprisonment in the Global South, particularly in Perú. The story follows Maria, a woman serving a 14-year sentence for the homicide of her husband, an act she committed after experiencing 20 years of psychological and physical abuse. I have chosen to focus on her ambivalence towards her experience of IPVA, using Goffman's (1961) concept of the 'total institution'; I suggest that Maria was living under a patriarchal and symbolic total institution, a prison-like home (Avni 1991). Following this, while imprisoned for the homicide of her husband, Maria was physically incapacitated in a co-governed, patriarchal, nation-state prison. Nevertheless, simultaneously, in this custodial setting, she found a semi-autonomous path to reinforce her sense of agency and to construct interpersonal relationships that have enabled her to question the preceding patriarchal norms.
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Prevalence of microplastics in the ocean in Latin America and the Caribbean
(Elsevier, 2021-12-12)
The release of microplastics to the ocean is an increasing global environmental concern. The specific characteristics of the Global South (e.g., widespread mismanaged waste and wastewater) make this an even greater challenge. The current study performed a critical review related to the prevalence of microplastics in the ocean in Latin America and the Caribbean, analyzing also the possible sources of microplastics release to the marine environment. A majority of the studies assessed point towards mismanaged waste, inland or offshore, as well as mismanaged wastewater as critical sources of plastic pollution into the ocean. However, there is a need to delve into the effects that these microplastics are generating on local biota and human health.
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Understanding the evolution of cities through urban stocks: A comparative analysis of Andean and coastal urban areas in Peru
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-08-01)
The evolution of cities follows distinct patterns that connect to the cultural and socioeconomic aspects of their populations and can be understood by studying their urban stocks. This paper examines the evolution of construction materials stocks (MS) in the building sector in five urban areas in Peru. The study employed a bottom-up methodology and focused on the city of Abancay in the Peruvian Andes, comparing it to the coastal cities of Chiclayo, Tacna, and San Isidro, as well as Lince. Additionally, regression models were employed to examine the influence of socioeconomic factors associated with urban stock. The research highlights a transition from residential building stock to distinct patterns of socioeconomic development, with urban population and economic growth emerging as pivotal drivers of material stock variation. Notably, large coastal cities like Chiclayo, Tacna, San Isidro, and Lince exhibit significantly higher concrete MS per capita, albeit with varying growth rates. In contrast, Abancay, with lower income levels, displays a higher per capita level of adobe MS, reflecting its historical connection to Peru's heartland. The correlation of urban stock components with the human development index (HDI) emphasizes the latter's significance in understanding the trends of the stocks of the different construction materials that constitute a city. By examining MS in various locations, unique Peruvian traits are unveiled, offering insights for urban development in the Global South. These findings provide valuable guidance for aligning urban stock growth and related environmental burdens with socioeconomic development, fostering sustainability, and promoting rational planning for economic growth.
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Enabling mechanisms for circularity in Latin America and the Caribbean
(KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2024-08-22)
Within Latin America’s strategic importance in the global value chain, circular economy strategies emerge as pivotal pathways for the region. By identifying key enabling mechanisms (namely regulatory frameworks, assessing and monitoring socio-economic metabolism, and financial instruments), this paper unveils the imperative for actions in fostering a circularity transition, and preserving traditional circular economy practices for Latin American and the Caribbean countries in the upcoming decade.
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Resocialization, Gender and the Global South: A Critical Analysis of the Concept Through Women's Experiences in Prisons in Peru
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-11-01)
In this article, I critically assess the concept of resocialization through discussions with women in Santa Monica Prison, the largest women's prison in Peru in 2018 and with former women prisoners in 2021. Alongside the formal, institutional gendered and classed forms and ideas of resocialization imposed by the prison, the women themselves innovate and develop new, collective and individual pathways to change. While few entirely disrupt the traditional, gendered norms and penal expectations, in their everyday experiences and collective activities, women seek, and sometimes manage to free themselves from patriarchal mandates.
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Inter-Regional Migration in the Global South: African Migration to Latin America
(Springer International Publishing, 2023-12-27)
While the media predominantly focuses on African migration to Europe, some scholars have noticed that African migrants are also undertaking longer and riskier journeys in search of better opportunities in destinations such as Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. In the presence of such an increase of African migrants in the continent, this chapter examines the growing phenomenon of African migration to Latin America in various aspects. Firstly, it offers an African migration literature review and explains the reasons why African migrants are choosing Latin American host or transit countries, offering a refutation of classical "push-pull" models and instead, proposing that Africans migrate for a variety of reasons including personal aspirations. Secondly, it provides an empirical exploration of patterns of African asylum seekers and refugees in the continent. Finally, the chapter explores the socio-political reception of these migrants in three main receiving countries: Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. In so doing, the chapter aims to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of African migration to non-traditional destinations, and highlight avenues for further research in the field of African migration studies. It also emphasises the need to move away from simplistic explanations based on push-pull models and to recognise the agency and diversity of African migrants.
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Bridging the Gap: Returning Genetic Results to Indigenous Communities in Latin America
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-01-01)
In response to inequality in access to genomics research, efforts are underway to include underrepresented minorities, but explicit (and enforcing) guidelines are mostly targeted toward the Global North. In this work, we elaborate on the need to return scientific results to indigenous communities, reporting the actions we have taken in a recent genomic study with Mapuche communities in Chile. Our approach acknowledged the social dynamics perpetuating colonial hierarchies. We framed genetic results to empower indigenous knowledge and communities’ history and identities. A fundamental step in our strategy has been sharing the results with the communities before publishing the scientific paper, which allowed us to incorporate community perspectives. We faced the challenge of translating genetic concepts like admixture, emphasizing the distinction between identity and biology. To reach a broad and diverse audience, we disseminated the study results to single community members, cultural representatives, and high schools, highlighting the importance of the history of the region before the European contact. To facilitate results dissemination, we prepared didactic material and a report in Spanish written in non-specialized language, targeting a wider Latin American readership. This work illustrates the benefits of discussing scientific findings with indigenous communities, demonstrating that a collaborative and culturally sensitive approach fosters knowledge sharing and community empowerment and challenges power dynamics in genetic research. Bridging the gap between academia and indigenous communities promotes equity and inclusion in scientific endeavors.
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Quantifying and mapping informal and formal building material stocks in Lima
(IOP Publishing, 2025-09-30)
Construction materials are essential for meeting societal needs in urban areas; however, they pose significant challenges for decarbonization, particularly in rapidly growing cities that struggle to meet the needs of all their citizens, such as those in the Global South (GS). This research develops and applies a GIS-based methodology to create an urban material stock map for Lima, Peru, encompassing both nonresidential and residential buildings, with the latter categorized into informal and formal housing. This study combines block-level spatial data with a refined definition of informality that better captures the nuances of reality while acknowledging its limitations, along with an extensive housing typology to calculate the material stocks present in the city. Material intensity (MI) factors were developed for each housing type, allowing for the estimation of material stocks across Lima's districts. The MI of informal housing is up to 70% less than that of formal housing. The results indicate that informal settlements comprise a substantial share of the housing (50%) and residential stock (31%) in the city. The research also highlights spatial disparities in material accumulation and their correlation with income inequality. This approach provides a replicable framework for other cities in the GS, addressing the urgent need for local data and tailored methodologies to inform sustainable urban planning and decarbonization strategies.
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Living a livable body: Trans masculinities, surgery, and resistance in the Global South
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-01-01)
Background In the Global South, transmasculine individuals often access gender-affirming care within systems marked by structural inequality, limited legal protections, and cisnormative medical frameworks. In Peru, the absence of trans-inclusive public health policies has rendered transmasculine surgeries rare, under-researched, and stigmatized, further marginalizing these experiences in both biomedical and academic discourses.Aim This study aims to explore the lived experience of a Peruvian trans man—among the first to undergo phalloplasty in the country—to examine how gender-affirming surgery can function as an act of self-determination, resistance, and survival under precarious conditions.Methods Using a single-case narrative design, this qualitative study draws from a four-hour in-depth interview and employs a feminist decolonial analytical framework. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key dimensions of the participant's experience, including healthcare navigation, bodily autonomy, and affective-political meanings of transition.Results Findings show that surgical transition in Peru is shaped by financial precarity, social stigma, and institutional neglect, yet also becomes a terrain for transmasculine agency. The participant reframed surgery not as correction, but as an embodied intervention toward livability, presence, and gender affirmation. Photography and bodily documentation emerged as practices of self-construction and resistance within a cisnormative and colonial context.Conclusion This article contributes to trans health scholarship from the Global South by foregrounding localized, intersectional narratives of transmasculine embodiment. It calls for trans-centered, decolonial healthcare models in Latin America and highlights how gender-affirming practices can be both personal and political acts of resistance and survival.
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Educational and learning resources for gifted education in emerging contexts: an Actiotope Model analysis of high-performance trajectories
(Taylor & Francis, 2026-01-01)
Peru's Colegios de Alto Rendimiento (COAR) represent a pioneering selective residential schooling model aimed at nurturing high-performance students from under-resourced conditions. Applying the Actiotope Model of Giftedness (AMG) and the Educational and Learning Capitals (ELC) framework, this study analyzes qualitative data from 18 COAR graduates to elucidate how educational (exogenous) and learning (endogenous) capitals interact to shape talent development trajectories. Findings reveal that social capital, particularly peer diversity and mentoring, and cultural capital, notably English proficiency and the International Baccalaureate framework, are the primary facilitators expanding students' horizons and building resilience, overshadowing infrastructural capitals. Despite the inclusive scholarship model, critical gaps in vocational guidance, mental health support, and abrupt post-graduation social capital loss limit sustainable development. This study extends ELC research into Latin America, illustrating that in resource-constrained Global South contexts, social and cultural capitals can compensate for infrastructural shortfalls, while sole material investment is insufficient. The findings advocate shifting from selective containment toward longitudinal accompaniment through transition bridges, metacognitive instruction, flexible scholarships, and family engagement to ensure resilient, fulfilling trajectories. These insights offer actionable policy guidance for inclusive and sustainable talent development in under-resourced educational systems globally.

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