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Item type:Publication, Digital Inclusion Across the Americas and Caribbean(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2020-05-14)This research brings together digital inequality scholars from across the Americas and Caribbean to examine efforts to tackle digital inequality in Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, the United States, and Canada. As the case studies show, governmental policy has an important role to play in reducing digital disparities, particularly for potential users in rural or remote areas, as well as populations with great economic disparities. We find that public policy can effectively reduce access gaps when it combines the trifecta of network, device, and skill provision, especially through educational institutions. We also note, that urban populations have benefitted from digital inclusion strategies to a greater degree. This underscores that, no matter the national context, rural-urban digital inequality (and often associated economic inequality) is resistant to change. Even when access is provided, potential users may not find it affordable, lack skills, and/or see no benefit in adoption. We see the greatest potential for future digital inclusion in two related approaches: 1) initiatives that connect with hard-to-reach, remote, and rural communities outside urban cores and 2) initiatives that learn from communities about how best to provide digital resources while respecting their diversely situated contexts, while meeting social, economic and political needs. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The way to sustainable development through income equality: The impact of trade liberalisation and financial development(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2020-07-01)Abstract The main aim of this paper is to examine the threshold impact of financial development and trade liberalization on income inequality as a measure of sustainable development in a sample of developed and developing countries using panel threshold analysis. Two major dimensions of financial development are considered: liquid liabilities and stock market capitalization. The empirical results revealed that financial development reduces income inequality only in countries where their GDP per capita is above ~US$11,000. It has no significant impact in reducing inequality in developing countries. This implies that institutional reforms in less developed and developing countries are necessary in order to reap the gains from financial development. Trade liberalization is found to have a positive impact on income inequality for both country groups—that is, trade benefits have worsened the income distribution. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Introduction to unified theory of capitalism(Springer International Publishing, 2021-09-16)This essay is an introduction to unified theory of capitalism. It is intended to make the essays of the book more accessible. In the first part, the chapter presents the epistemological principles of economics and then the primary assumptions of the unified theory, its empirical predictions, and the consistency of predictions with facts. Thus it is shown that indeed the unified theory is a good representation of the real-world capitalism. The second part of the chapter compares, based on epistemological criteria, the traits of the unified theory with those of the prevailing economic theories, namely, neoclassical, Keynesian, and Marxian. On epistemological grounds, the unified theory appears to be superior as it can explain facts that the other theories also can, but explains additional facts that the others cannot. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Inequality, power relations, and democracy(Springer International Publishing, 2021-09-16)In the post-World War II period, capitalism has been characterized by rapid economic growth, but accompanied by social maladies as side effects. This has been the growth age of capitalism, as growth rates of output per capita have been higher than ever. The basic social maladies include income inequality, social disorder, and environment degradation. Today's social maladies are also higher than ever. This outcome is certainly a paradox in a democratic society. The unified theory of capitalism supplies an explanation: The outcome reflects the power relations under which democratic capitalism operates. Given this striking finding, this essay summarizes the foundations of the unified theory and the epistemological justification of its findings, and then elaborates further on the explanation. The ultimate factor explaining the outcome of growth with social maladies in the capitalist system, taken by parts and taken as a whole, is the initial inequality. Societies that are very unequal by birth can hardly attain social progress. The initial inequality is truly a curse. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Eric Hanushek(Springer International Publishing, 2024-08-21)In the past 50 years, Eric Hanushek has led the development of economics of education as a field of study within economics and has contributed significantly to its becoming a major source of evidence-based advice for education policymakers. His innovative use of data and rigorous economic analysis revolutionized education policy. Early on, he realized that the policy debate was focused on resources instead of learning outcomes, the actual desired goal. He identified the lack of correlation between input-based indicators and learning outcomes, highlighting the inefficient use of resources. At the same time, he identified the strong role that individual schools, teachers, and principals had in explaining good and bad outcomes. This implied that, to improve results, the focus should move from input-based policies to incentives and accountability for outcomes. Relatedly, he identified the inappropriate use of school attendance, an indicator of quantity, as the preferred measure of human capital. He identified quality of human capital rather than quantity as the driver of economic growth. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Economic growth and the foreign sector: Peru 1821–2020(Oxford University Press, 2024-11-01)Thirlwall Model shows evidence in Latin American countries, as well as for the Peruvian economy, with an economic growth rate of balance of payments equilibrium, which is explained by causal variables that present a long-term cointegration relationship. These variables are exports with little added value, imports that reinforce technological dependence, external income, relative prices or the real exchange rate, the institutions, and the volatility of exports. Investment policies are prescribed in innovative, physical, financial, natural, and social human capital that tend to reduce the restriction of foreign exchange, technological dependence and the international market. Therefore, endogenous, dynamic, sustained, inclusive economic growth is generated, low in carbon as a means for sustainable human development, within the framework of a new growth and development strategy that involves balancing the participation of the market, state and civil society. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reimagining the future of business education through educational innovation(Inderscience Publishers, 2024-01-01)The paper underscores the urgent need for a transformative approach in business education to address 21st century challenges. It critiques traditional higher education for overemphasising theory at the expense of practical skills, leaving graduates ill-prepared for real-world problem-solving. Advocating for a paradigm shift, it emphasises cultivating critical thinking, sustainability, and leveraging emerging technologies like artificial intelligence. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the paper identifies trends, pedagogical strategies, and innovations that support future-ready competencies. It provides actionable recommendations for designing impactful learning experiences that foster adaptability, global awareness, and meaningful outcomes. Highlighting the importance of equipping students to thrive amid economic, geopolitical, and technological shifts, the paper also explores the broader implications of these findings. It offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and industry leaders striving to advance business education in an era of rapid change and complexity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Relationship Between Scientific Production and Economic Growth Through R&D Investment: A Bibliometric Approach(Phcog.Net, 2023-09-01)This quantitative bibliometric research measures the efficiency of investment in R&D for the 17 more relevant countries investing in R&D through a novel indicator based on the number of scientific articles (associated with stock markets), produced for every 1% of investment in R&D in terms of GDP. The study is justified by the need to deepen the relationship between investment in R&D and economic growth, and was conducted for developed and emerging countries separately, so that the understanding of which countries or regions’ investment in R&D and its consequent scientific production has the greatest impact over the size of their economies through innovation. Our findings indicate clearly that R&D investment strongly correlates to the economy’s size of the studied countries. In addition to finding our novel indicator statistically significant with respect to economic growth through a series of multiple linear regressions and proposing economic growth not statically, but as a dynamic cumulative effect over time, this becomes more relevant for emerging countries (represented in this study by China, Brazil, India, Russia and Turkey, or BRIC + Turkey) compared to developed ones, which decants into an opportunity for scholars and particularly governments to design or restructure their R&D policies towards innovation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Quality of Society: Essays on the Unified Theory of Capitalism. Volume III(Springer Nature, 2023-01-01)This book contains another set of essays dealing with the fundamental economic problems of our time: inequality, environment degradation, and social disorder, which are analyzed in light of the unified theory of capitalism. This theory is a scientific endeavor that seeks to explain the capitalist system taken by parts and then taken as a whole, as a unified theory. By parts, the theory analyzes the First World and the Third World and also the short run, long run, and very long run economic processes, showing why and how economic growth has led to a new epoch, with ecological equilibrium disruption, known as the Anthropocene Age. The empirical predictions of the theory are proven to be consistent with the available facts. Therefore, the theory can be accepted as a good representation of the real-world capitalism; moreover, its derived causality relations become inputs for the debate on the needed science-based policies for the new age. Indeed, this book proposes structuralpolicies to change the way capitalism operates, through changes in its basic institutions, mainly the electoral democracy, which would certainly imply a re-foundation of the capitalist system. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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