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Item type:Publication, Good Health Indicators are Not Enough: Lessons from COVID-19 in Peru.(National Institutes of Health, 2020-12-01)Peru received international acclaim for being one of the first countries to implement a comprehensive package of measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The government imposed a general lockdown, combined with social protection measures--mainly cash transfers and the distribution of food parcels. This was an attempt to mitigate the impact of the lockdown, in a country where 70% of the population works in the informal sector. Yet despite this, the transmission rate remained high, and as of early June Peru's COVID-19 mortality rates were amongst the highest worldwide. The pandemic has shed a stark light on Peru's failure to guarantee the right to health and the limits of the tools used to assess the health system's performance. Over the past two decades Peru has been praised for introducing a series of reforms aimed at achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC), primarily through the expansion of health insurance across low-income groups. Nevertheless, reforms have failed to overcome the historical fragmentation of the system, where access to services is determined by income, gender, and geographical location. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Succumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic – Healthcare Workers not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs (Preprint)(JMIR Publications, 2020-06-27)BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are under such a tremendous amount of pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic that many have become concerned about their jobs and even intend to leave them. It is paramount for healthcare workers to feel satisfied with their jobs and lives during a pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the predictors of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Between 10 to 30 April, 2020, 240 healthcare workers in Bolivia completed a cross-sectional online survey, which assessed their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The results revealed that their number of office days predicted job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention, but the relationships varied by their age. For example, healthcare workers’ office days negatively predicted job satisfaction for the young (e.g. at 25 years old: b=-0.21; 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.60) but positively predicted job satisfaction for the old (e.g. at 65 years old: b=0.25; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.44). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence to enable healthcare organizations to identify staff concerned about job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention to enable early actions so that these staff can remain motivated to fight the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Personas mayores en los medios digitales peruanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19(LA Referencia, 2020-09-30)This article analyzes the treatment that was given to the elderly by the digital media in the context of COVID 19 in Peru during the first weeks of the mandatory social isolation measure. Documentary research and exploratory methodology were used, as well as, analytic frameworks of framing theory and ageism to analyse a group of 99 journalistic notes. The findings showed that the media treatment of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic has reproduced ageist stereotypes. They were represented as a homogeneous group which is associated to economic dependence, vulnerability, as well as, lacking of agency and decision-making power. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Modelling death rates due to COVID-19: A Bayesian approach(Cornell University, 2020-04-06)Objective: To estimate the number of deaths in Peru due to COVID-19. Design: With a priori information obtained from the daily number of deaths due to CODIV-19 in China and data from the Peruvian authorities, we constructed a predictive Bayesian non-linear model for the number of deaths in Peru. Exposure: COVID-19. Outcome: Number of deaths. Results: Assuming an intervention level similar to the one implemented in China, the total number of deaths in Peru is expected to be 612 (95%CI: 604.3 - 833.7) persons. Sixty four days after the first reported death, the 99% of expected deaths will be observed. The inflexion point in the number of deaths is estimated to be around day 26 (95%CI: 25.1 - 26.8) after the first reported death. Conclusion: These estimates can help authorities to monitor the epidemic and implement strategies in order to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic – More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-04-07)Summary Early papers on the mental health of the public during the Covid-19 pandemic surveyed participants from China. Outside of China, Iran has emerged as one of the most affected countries with a high death count and rate. The paper presents the first empirical evidence from Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic on their level of distress and its predictors. On March 25–28, 2020, a dire time for Covid-19 in Iran, we surveyed 1058 adults from all 30 provinces in Iran using the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). The distress level of Iranian adults (mean: 34.54; s.d.: 14.92) was significantly higher (mean difference: 10.9; t =22.7; p <0.0001; 95% CI : 10.0 to 11.8) than that of Chinese adults (mean: 23.65; s.d.: 5.45) as reported in a prior study with the same measure of Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). We also found the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China. Our findings that the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China suggest the need to study the predictors of mental health in individual countries during the Covid-19 pandemic to effectively identify and screen for those more susceptible to mental health issues. Funding None - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, When the storm is the strongest: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-05-02)Abstract This study reports the physical health, mental health, anxiety, depression, distress, and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in Iran when the country faced its highest number of total active COVID-19 cases. In a sample of 304 healthcare staff (doctors, nurses, radiologists, technicians, etc.), we found a sizable portion reached the cutoff levels of disorders in anxiety (28.0%), depression (30.6%), and distress (20.1%). Age, gender, education, access to PPE (personal protective equipment), healthcare institutions (public vs. private), and individual status of COVID-19 infection each predicted some but not all the outcome variables of SF-12, PHQ-4, K6, and job satisfaction. The healthcare workers varied greatly in their access to PPE and in their status of COVID-19 infection: negative (69.7%), unsure (28.0%), and positive (2.3%). The predictors were also different from those identified in previous studies of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 crisis in China. This study helps to identify the healthcare staff in need to enable more targeted help as healthcare staff in many countries are facing peaks in their COVID-19 cases. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Early Evidence and Predictors of Mental Distress of Adults One Month in the COVID-19 Epidemic in Brazil(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-04-23)ABSTRACT Objective We aim to provide early evidence of mental distress and its associated predictors among adults one month into the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil. Methods We conducted an online survey of 638 adults in Brazil on March 25–28, 2020, about one month (32 days) cross-sectionally after the first COVID-19 case in South America was confirmed in São Paulo. The 638 adults were in 25 states out of the 26 Brazilian states, with the only exception being Roraima, the least populated state in the Amazon. Of all the participating adults, 24%, 20%, and 18% of them were located in Rio de Janeiro state, Santa Catarina state, and São Paulo state respectively. Results In Brazil, 52% (332) of the sampled adults experienced mild or moderate distress, and 18.8% (120) suffered severe distress. Adults who were female, younger, more educated, and exercised less reported higher levels of distress. Each individual’s distance from the Brazilian epicenter of São Paulo interacted with age and workplace attendance to predict the level of distress. The “typhoon eye effect” was stronger for people who were older or attended their workplace less. The most vulnerable adults were those who were far from the epicenter and did not go to their workplace in the week before the survey. Conclusion Identifying the predictors of distress enables mental health services to better target finding and helping the more mentally vulnerable adults during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Succumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic – Healthcare Workers not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-05-24)Abstract Background Healthcare workers are under such a tremendous amount of pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic that many have become concerned about their jobs and even intend to leave them. It is paramount for healthcare workers to feel satisfied with their jobs and lives during a pandemic. Methods Between 10 to 30 April, 2020, 240 healthcare workers in Bolivia completed a cross-sectional online survey, which assessed their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Results The results revealed that their number of office days predicted job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention, but the relationships varied by their age. For example, healthcare workers’ office days negatively predicted job satisfaction for the young (e.g. at 25 years old: b=-0.21; 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.60) but positively predicted job satisfaction for the old (e.g. at 65 years old: b=0.25; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.44). Conclusions These findings provide evidence to enable healthcare organizations to identify staff concerned about job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention to enable early actions so that these staff can remain motivated to fight the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The curvilinear relationship between the age of adults and their mental health in Iran after its peak of COVID-19 cases(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-06-12)Abstract The emerging body of research on the predictors of mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed contradictory findings, which prevent effective psychiatry screening for mental health assistance. This study aims to identify the predictors of nonsomatic pain, depression, anxiety, and distress, especially focusing on age as a nonlinear predictor. We conducted a survey of 474 adults in Iran during April 1–10, 2020, when Iran had just passed its first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with new confirmed cases. We found that Age had a curvilinear relationship with nonsomatic pain, depression, and anxiety. Age was associated with pain, depression, and anxiety disorders negatively among adults younger than 45 years, but positively among seniors older than 70 years. Adults who were female, unsure about their chronic diseases, and exercised less per day were more likely to have mental health issues. This study advances the use of age as an effective predictor by uncovering a curvilinear relationship between individuals’ age and mental health issues by using a sample of adults across a wide spectrum of ages. We hope future research on mental health during COVID-19 pays more attention to nonlinear predictors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Waking up from the middle-income country dream: COVID-19 and the human development crisis in Peru(2020-10-29)Resumen: Este artculo analiza la crisis de desarrollo humano ocasionada en el Per por la Covid-19 y muestra cmo el caso peruano ilustra de forma clara el desencuentro entre crecimiento econmico y bienestar humano. Tomando como referencia las ideas de Amartya Sen, el artculo plantea una serie de preguntas de investigacin que la literatura de las ciencias sociales en el Per ha de enfrentar en el futuro cercano. Este conjunto preguntas de investigacin llevan al enfoque de desarrollo humano y capacidades a extender sus propias fronteras para profundizar en el estudio del poder y su vinculacin con la capacidad del razonamiento pblico para albergar preocupaciones relacionadas a la erradicacin de privaciones en dimensiones bsicas del bienestar de las personas.