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Item type:Publication, School segregation by socioeconomic level in Colombia and its departments(Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2021-01-01)El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la magnitud de la segregación escolar en Colombia y sus departamentos,tanto en educación primaria como en secundaria inferior.Para ello, se hace una explotación especial de los datos de las pruebas censales Saber de 2016 para estudiantes de 5o y 9o grado. La muestra está conformada por 1 138 885 estudiantes, matriculados en 24 401 escuelas. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar es alta, tanto para primaria como para secundaria, con tendencia a una mayor segregación en los grupos de más nivel socioeconómico, así como diferencias significativas entre los departamentos. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Comparing experiences of constitutional reforms to enshrine the right to water in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru: opportunities and limitations(MDPI, 2021-12-01)In this paper we compare recent efforts towards the constitutionalization of the right to water in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru to understand the opportunities and limitations related to the attempts to enhance access to piped water to the highest normative level. Peru passed a constitutional amendment in 2017 while Brazil and Colombia have seen much right-to-water activism but have not succeeded in passing such reforms. We explore the role of the existing domestic legal frameworks on drinkable water provision and water management towards the approval of constitutional amendments. We find that all three countries have specialized laws, water governing institutions, and constitutional jurisprudence connecting access to water with rights, but the legal opportunity structures to enforce socio-economic rights vary; they are stronger in Colombia and Brazil, and weaker in Peru. We argue that legal opportunity structures build legal environments that influence constitutional reform success. Legal opportunity structures act as incentives both for social movements to push for reforms and for actors with legislative power to accept or reject them. Our findings also show that in some contexts political cost is a key element of constitutional reforms that enshrine the right to water; therefore, this is an element that should be considered when analyzing these processes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La implementación en el ordenamiento interno de obligaciones emanadas del derecho penal internacional con especial énfasis en los crímenes internacionales: una mirada a los procesos en Colombia, Perú y Venezuela(Asociación Civil IUS ET VERITAS, 2021-11-26)América Latina no ha sido ajena a situaciones de conflicto armado u otras situaciones de violencia. Dichas situaciones nos exigen análisis con enfoques teóricos, así como prácticos. Un factor esencial en estos análisis ha sido -y continúa siendo- la necesidad de asegurar la compatibilidad de los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales con el Derecho Penal Internacional, con el fin último de luchar contra la impunidad y prevenir la comisión de crímenes internacionales. Ello se traduce en la necesidad de llevar a cabo una implementación integral de las obligaciones emanadas de los tratados relevantes sobre la materia ratificados por los países. Este factor puede garantizar que los países de la región tengan las herramientas jurídicas adecuadas para realizar una debida calificación jurídica de las situaciones de conflicto armado de violencia que puedan ser consideradas como crímenes internacionales y delitos relacionados con el uso de la fuerza por parte de autoridades del Estado; para proceder a una aplicación del marco jurídico respectivo según las características que se reúnan en un contexto y tiempo específico; y para poder judicializar las conductas respectivas con tipos penales que atiendan tanto a la naturaleza de los hechos como al contexto en el que los mismos se llevan a cabo. De este modo, el artículo incluye un análisis del estado de la implementación de las obligaciones internacionales de Colombia, Perú y Venezuela en materia de crímenes internacionales, así como, donde es relevante, de los delitos relacionados con el uso de la fuerza por parte de autoridades del Estado. Con ellos, se busca constatar los aciertos y los vacíos normativos, las prácticas legislativas en la forma de implementación, así como los aportes jurisprudenciales que han complementado los marcos jurídicos existentes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Assessing the impact of corporate entrepreneurship in the financial performance of subsidiaries of Colombian business groups: under environmental dynamism moderation(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-12-01)Corporate entrepreneurship creates opportunities in employment, technological advances, value creation, and cultural transformation for entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurs, governments, economies, and society around the globe. The of this study is to assess the impact of corporate entrepreneurship on the financial performance of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups under the moderating effect of the environmental dynamism, because the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance in emerging economies must differ from developed economies. Using a cross-sectional structural equation modeling analysis, this study assessed the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and corporate venturing on the firm financial performance of 87 subsidiaries of Colombian business groups at different levels of environmental dynamism. This study also confirms that the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance is context-dependent and that entrepreneurial orientation has a strong and positive causal relationship with corporate venturing. Additionally, subsidiaries of Colombian business groups increase their financial performance when also does the entrepreneurial orientation, and decrease financial performance when so does corporate venturing. Furthermore, the results show that environmental dynamism does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship of subsidiaries in Colombian business groups and their performance. This paper would contribute to important areas in Latin America business, where such studies are scarce. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Punishment and pardon: the use of international humanitarian law by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia(Cambridge University Press, 2022-04-01)Transitional justice systems generally aim to achieve two goals. One is to bring the perpetrators of past atrocities to justice to ensure that they do not go unpunished, which involves the State fulfilling its duty to investigate, prosecute and punish serious human rights violations and breaches of international humanitarian law (IHL). The other is to bring about reconciliation to heal a divided society and achieve peace and stability. This normally requires the adoption of measures of clemency, such as granting amnesty, so that those who took part in the country's violent past can return to civilian life. The use of IHL is relevant in attaining both these goals because its complex nature means that it provides the legal basis for their implementation. However, this very complexity can mean that there are contradictions or complementarities between its characteristics. This article looks at the case of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) in Colombia, showing how this transitional jurisdiction has used IHL as a legal basis both for investigating, prosecuting and punishing serious violations committed during the Colombian armed conflict and for granting amnesty to those who took part in the hostilities. These different uses by the JEP demonstrate that IHL is a flexible tool that can facilitate the process of delivering both justice and peace after a conflict has ended. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The commitment to infrastructure: Public investment and the reproduction of water scarcity in contexts of large mining in Peru and Colombia(Universidad Catolica del Norte, 2022-01-01)Public and private policies typically consider the construction of infrastructure the most appropriate response to the problems of water scarcity and water disputes. However, infrastructure in itself not always is the solution. In this context we have the following questions: What are the logics behind the construction and implementation of water infrastructure? Why water infrastructures are not alone a solution to water stress and scarcity? How does infrastructure construction reduce or deepen inequalities in access to water? This article answers these questions by arguing that water infrastructures respond to technical-political projects of territorial control and mining expansion located in areas of mining influence, rather than aiming to solve water access and supply problems. In doing so, they ended up deepening inequalities in local water access. This article compares infrastructures constructed in the context of large-scale mining projects in Espinar, Peru and La Guajira, Colombia. The information presented was collected following qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews and situated ethnographies). Likewise, the article systematizes secondary quantitative and qualitative data provided by government institutions related to water and mining, and the Environmental Impact Studies and web publications regarding the Tintaya-Antapaccay and Cerrejón mining projects. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Urban wetland losses and land-use conservation challenges in three Latin American cities(Springer, 2024-01-01)Wetlands are valuable and threatened ecosystems throughout the world. They are essential for the maintenance of life and ecological balance, in addition to providing a larger number of benefits to human societies. Wetlands reduce the risk of flooding by regulating the flow of water, being essential to reduce the impacts of climate change, especially along the coasts and coastal cities of the world. Urban growth poses a risk to wetlands in and around urban areas. In this work, we quantify the loss trends of wetlands in urban areas in three Latin American countries between the years 2002 and 2019. We selected as case studies the wetlands of Aconcagua in Chile, Ciénaga de Mallorquín in Colombia, and Pantanos de Villa in Peru. Through multitemporal analysis of Quickbird satellite imagery collections, we classify land covers at 2.5-m resolution and identify areas covered by wetland. We quantify the losses and gains of the wetland areas and the areas surrounding them. We found that the three wetlands analyzed lost area, confirming the worldwide trend of loss. The Ciénaga de Mallorquín wetland was the one that decreased the most due to coastal dynamics and urbanization. The Pantanos de Villa wetland reduced its area due to the increase in urban areas that grew filling the wetland under the pressure of informal settlements and beach condominiums. Lastly, the Aconcagua wetland was reduced due to the increase in grasslands together with the increase in bare soil, also affecting the beaches and dunes. In all three case studies, urban wetlands decreased due to urban growth. For this reason, we call attention to the urgency of improving urban planning to ensure the maintenance of these key ecosystems to ensure more sustainable and resilient cities, as proposed by Sustainable Development Goal 11. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Feminist Trajectories from Peru to Colombia: Taking Violence Experienced by Women into Account in Truth Commissions(Routledge, 2023-01-01)International human rights law has long ignored women’s realities, reproducing an epistemological blind spot that has impacted transitional justice mechanisms such as truth commissions. In the early 2000s, this blind spot was challenged by Peru’s Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR; Truth and Reconciliation Commission). The lessons learned in Peru about including gender in transitional justice processes have nourished the application of transitional justice in Colombia. This article examines the inclusion of a gender perspective in Peru’s CVR and highlights the advances and lessons that inform Colombia’s Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición (CEV; Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence, and Non-Repetition). Furthermore, it underscores the innovative contributions of Latin American decolonial and communitarian feminisms to reframing the inclusion of gender in the context of Colombia’s CEV. We argue that these feminisms allow the recognition that “woman” is a plural subject intersected by race and class; challenge liberal feminist conceptions of gender; propose a reconceptualization of time; provide a historical explanation of the reasons behind violence against women; and give an important centrality to nature, territory, and the sacred in the explanation of violence and in peacebuilding. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La migración venezolana en los Andes : la respuesta sanitaria de Perú, Chile, Colombia y Ecuador(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2022)Este libro surge de una experiencia inédita para los países andinos de Latinoamérica: la recepción de más de cuatro millones de migrantes venezolanos en Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Chile a partir del año 2017. Los estudios recogidos en este volumen han sido preparados para cada uno de estos países por la Red sobre Salud y Migraciones (SAMI) y partieron de la premisa de que había que complementar la primera generación de investigaciones sobre la migración venezolana —que se había centrado en dimensionar el fenómeno con reportes sociodemográficos y privilegió estudios puntuales— con el fin de producir estados de situación nacionales que permitan a los gobiernos mejorar la respuesta institucional frente al tema de las migraciones. El balance general es positivo: pese a todas las dificultades previas de estos países para cubrir la brecha entre las necesidades de la población nacional y la oferta de sus entidades proveedoras de servicios, estos han asumido el nuevo desafío humanitario y de salud de la migración venezolana, y desarrollado iniciativas para compartir lo que tenían con los recién llegados. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Towards Comprehensive Education: Key Strategies to Enhance the Student Experience in Colombia(Richtmann Publishing, 2025-07-01)The student experience in higher education is a crucial factor influencing learning quality and academic success. This study employs hierarchical clustering analysis to group students based on their perceptions of various aspects of their educational experience in Colombia and Latin America. Data were collected using a validated instrument that measures key dimensions such as student-centred service, inclusion and diversity, active learning participation, teacher dependence, academic accountability, and comprehensive development. With a sample of 484 students from various higher education institutions, three clusters were identified, revealing differentiated profiles in terms of perceptions and satisfaction with the educational experience. The findings help identify patterns that provide a solid basis for developing strategies to promote student retention, academic well-being, and the enhancement of educational service quality. This analysis highlights the importance of segmenting students to design policies and programmes tailored to their specific needs, thus fostering a more inclusive and practical educational experience. Received: 21 January 2025 / Accepted: 10 June 2025 / Published: 05 July 20253