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Item type:Publication, Biodiversidad y áreas naturales protegidas en la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental: avances y temas pendientes(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2022-05-25)This article analyzes biodiversity within the environmental impact assessment process, with special emphasis on its application in Protected Areas (PA). Additionally, it introduces the applicable international standards on the subject and reviews the applicable Peruvian national regulations. A sample of evaluation reports done by the National Service of Natural Protected Areas (SERNANP) which is the governing authority in the field of PA, is presented in order to identify the existing regulatory needs in this matter with a view to proposing the development of required objective criteria. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diversidad específica y su estado de conservación en las Lomas de Mangomarca, Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-10-29)The specific diversity of the fragile ecosystem 'Lomas de Mangomarca,' located in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Peru), was characterized through the identification of lichen, bryophyte, vascular plant, reptile, bird, and mammal species. Emphasis was placed on the conservation status of the species inhabiting this ecosystem, in accordance with national regulations on threatened species. The threats to the Lomas ecosystem were assessed through direct field observations and the perceptions of local residents via surveys. Ten lichen species, four bryophytes, and 36 vascular plants were recorded, complemented by data from previous studies, totaling 67 species, 28 birds, three reptiles, and one mammal, of which 18 are endemic to Peru. At the global level, the conservation status of the species shows that 40 species are at risk of extinction, as included in the IUCN Global Red List, and eight species are nationally threatened. The main direct threat to the Lomas de Mangomarca ecosystem is habitat loss caused by urban expansion, while the indirect driver is weak governance in the Lomas. Conservation in this ecosystem is vital to prevent the local extinction of key species that inhabit these fragile ecosystems, as 35% of the recorded species are at risk of extinction globally, and there has been a 49% reduction in vegetation cover by 2020 compared to the year 2000. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cambios transformacionales para alcanzar los objetivos de la visión para la diversidad biológica al 2050(2020-01-01)Objetivo: con este artículo se busca recomendar la implementación, a nivel mundial, de cambios transformacionales o transformadores necesarios para alcanzar los objetivos de la visión para la diversidad biológica al 2050. Metodología: se analizaron los resultados de evaluaciones globales sobre la diversidad biológica como la “Evaluación Mundial sobre la Diversidad Biológica y los Servicios de los Ecosistemas” de IPBES” y las “Perspectivas del Medio Ambiente Mundial, GEO 6: Planeta sano, personas sanas” del PNUMA, entre otros, y artículos científicos relacionados, en el marco general de la teoría del cambio (ToC). Hallazgo: los resultados de aplicación de los documentos de planificación mundial, para detener las tasas de extinción aceleradas de especies y de ecosistemas y del desarrollo sostenible, plasmadas en las Metas de Aichi de la Estrategia para la Diversidad Biológica al 2020 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible al 2030, muestran logros débiles. Conclusión: se requieren cambios transformadores drásticos para alcanzar los objetivos de la visión para la diversidad biológica al 2050 que se complementen con acciones como reducción de la inequidad, la eliminación de las externalidades negativas para el capital natural, la buena gobernanza, la implementación de incentivos, reducciones tributarias, impuestos como estrategias económicas, el fomento al comercio justo y la economía circular - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Peruvian Biodiversity: A Mini Review of Five Plants(Juniper Publishers, 2020-10-16)In this article, five different plant species from the Peruvian biodiversity are briefly revised. These plants are broadly used for traditional medicine purposes, as well as for cosmetic and edible purposes. They are not only commercialized in Peru, the country of their origin, but around the world. The plant species we are going to write about are Uncaria tomentosa/ U. guianensis (uña de gato), Lepidium meyenii (maca), Plukenetia volubilis (sacha inchi) and Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The multiple viewpoints for the Amazon: geographic limits and meanings(2021-09-20)The geographic term “Amazon” describes several distinct but overlapping hydrological, geological, biological, and geopolitical entities located in northern South America (Albert et al. 2018). It is therefore useful to distinguish the Amazon as a drainage basin, a sedimentary basin, a biodiversity province, and a geopolitical unit. This report describes the multiple boundaries and definitions of the geographical area called "the Amazon". - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Functional rarity and evenness are key facets of biodiversity to boost multifunctionality(National Academy of Sciences, 2021-02-16)The functional traits of organisms within multispecies assemblages regulate biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning. Yet how traits should assemble to boost multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) remains poorly explored. In a multibiome litter experiment covering most of the global variation in leaf trait spectra, we showed that three dimensions of functional diversity (dispersion, rarity, and evenness) explained up to 66% of variations in multifunctionality, although the dominant species and their traits remained an important predictor. While high dispersion impeded multifunctionality, increasing the evenness among functionally dissimilar species was a key dimension to promote higher multifunctionality and to reduce the abundance of plant pathogens. Because too-dissimilar species could have negative effects on ecosystems, our results highlight the need for not only diverse but also functionally even assemblages to promote multifunctionality. The effect of functionally rare species strongly shifted from positive to negative depending on their trait differences with the dominant species. Simultaneously managing the dispersion, evenness, and rarity in multispecies assemblages could be used to design assemblages aimed at maximizing multifunctionality independently of the biome, the identity of dominant species, or the range of trait values considered. Functional evenness and rarity offer promise to improve the management of terrestrial ecosystems and to limit plant disease risks. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Chapter 23: impacts of deforestation and climate change on biodiversity, ecological processes, and environmental adaptation(2021-11-12)This chapter presents observed and predicted impacts of climate change on Amazonian ecosystems, focusing on biodiversity, ecosystem services, carbon cycling, fisheries, and emissions from biomass burning. It also considers climate and land-use change feedbacks and highlights knowledge gaps to better understand these complex interactions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ecosystem services provided by kelp forests of the Humboldt Current System: A comprehensive review(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-12-01)Marine ecosystems such as kelp are gaining recognition for providing ecosystem services (ES) along the coastal regions worldwide. Here, we synthesize information from the last four decades of research on the structure, functioning and threats of kelp forests, and the ES they provide in the Humboldt Current System (HCS) where information is scarce. The SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis) framework was used for the literature survey and review. From 86 selected articles, only 4 directly discussed kelp ES in Chile. Supporting services-related articles were the most prevalent (n = 59), followed by provisioning (n = 19), regulating (n = 3) and cultural services (n = 1). ES-related research was mostly conducted in Chile (n = 77). Studies in Peru (n = 5), and in Chile and Peru at same time (n = 4) were scarce. Our search also showed that Lessonia trabeculata presented the highest number of associated taxa (n = 213), followed closely by M. pyrifera (n = 210). However, the number of phyla reported was higher in M. pyrifera (n = 17) than in the Lessonia species (n = 7–13). Natural and anthropic impacts on the biodiversity of kelp forests using novel technologies would facilitate the quantitative study and economic valuations of the services provided by these ecosystems at the Humboldt Current System. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Making global climate action work for nature and people: Priorities for Race to Zero and Race to Resilience(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-09-01)There is increasing recognition in science and policy that the current nature and climate change crises are highly intertwined, and that these need to be jointly addressed. Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Race to Zero (R2Z) and the Race to Resilience (R2R) campaigns foster climate action by cities, regions, businesses, investors, and civil society organizations for mitigation and adaptation. The campaigns are part of UNFCCC-backed institutional arrangements linking intergovernmental climate governance with actions beyond national commitments to support the implementation of the Paris Agreement, also referred to as the Global Climate Action Agenda (GCAA). Both mobilization campaigns highlight and promote the contribution of nature to climate mitigation, adaptation, and resilience. Yet, the integration of nature in climate ambition is more complex than indicated in the calls to action. We here identify key areas of concern in the alignment of climate and biodiversity goals, discussing the biophysical and socio-ecological considerations relative to (i) practices for enhancing land-based and marine sinks to limit warming; (ii) the unpredictability of biodiversity dynamics under climate change; (iii) the spatial scale at which actions can be implemented; and (iv) the types of metrics that can be used for tracking progress. We provide recommendations for the two mobilization campaigns to integrate in their criteria and metrics frameworks to support effective and equitable actions that deliver for climate, but also for nature and people. We then make a call to action for transdisciplinary knowledge production and dissemination that strengthens science-policy interactions.
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