3. Producción
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Item type:Publication, El problema del libro en el Perú: el punto de vista de las bibliotecas(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Humanidades, 1997)El primer número de esta serie aparece luego de conmemorarse el décimo aniversario de la creación de la carrera de Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información en esta Universidad y recoge la ponencia que presentó la doctora Carmen Villanueva, directora de la Biblioteca Central de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y profesora de la Especialidad, en el Coloquio "La bibliotecología hoy: cambios y desafíos", llevado a cabo del 22 al 26 de mayo de 1995 en esta Universidad. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Fluctuaciones macroeconómicas en la economía peruana, 1950-1990(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1996)The main purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: which factors explain the persistence of fluctuation in the Peruvian economy? We answer it constructing a non-linear deterministic dynamical system obtaining fluctuations as a result of structural aspect of the Peruvian economy. We use in a dynamic framework the “Diaz-Alejandro” and “Foreign Exchange restrain” effects. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Teoría de la producción y costos : una exposición didáctica(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1995)This paper presents different concepts related to total production functions and total cost functions. From the technological point of view, the analysis is made considering the Leontief technological system and the von Neumann technological system. From the economical point of view, it is assumed that the firm is price-taker in the factors market. This paper shows the parametrization of technology from the production processes, deducing a production function for a finite number of technological processes. Because this is a new result, it is explained in a brief mathematical appendix. This is a very simple exposition, using only the college mathematics. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sistema bancario y fluctuaciones macroeconómicas, Perú 1950-1997(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)This paper shows the behaviour of the most important variables of the peruvian banking system during rises and downs during the cyclical ups and downs in the period 1950-1997. In the first section we show the main features of the peruvian business cycles. The second section describes the evolution of loans, deposits and interest rates. The third section shows an asset quality index. In the appendix it is included a summary of the regulatory framework during 1950-1997. Total bank deposits and loans show a procyclical behaviour, and interest rates and spreads show an anticyclical movement. Finally, asset quality depends in an important way on the regulatoriy and supervisory framework, state participation in the banking system, monetary policy and economic fluctuations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Movilizaciones agrarias 1985-1989 : un análisis económico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1990)A economic explanation of agrarian dynamics in 1985-1989, and an account of the reasons for agrarian unrest during crisis periods. This paper expands on the “Crisis and Popular Mobilization” CISEPA N°81 paper from 1989 which put forth a methodology to prepare the agrarian mobilization indicator used for this analysis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La migración laboral internacional como estrategia familiar: el caso de los peruanos en Italia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)Towards the end of the nineteen eighties, the migration of labour force became a massive social phenomenon in Peru. Apparently, the operating conditions of the urban labour market, specially the drops of income and the high level of unemployment, have been the cause of the growing exodus of Peruvians to foreign countries. They leave the country seeking after a job that offer a high income.The available information allowed us to identify some special characteristics of the Peruvians in Milan. The Peruvian population in this city is mainly female and has a technical education or a professional education. However, in spite of the qualifications or previous work experience that these people might have, they take the job that offers them the best income possibilities. The search for a better income is the main reason for these Peruvians to leave their country. This situation is part of a family strategy to have or complete a family income. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La asistencia alimentaria en los hogares rurales pobres dirigidos por mujeres : un enfoque microeconómico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)The aim of this document is to discuss, on a microeconomic basis, the effect of food assistance in poor rural female headed households. According to the results of the 1994 Farming Census these homes are the twenty percent of the total. Since they are considered to be one the poorest sectors of the country, they have become the target groups of social support programs carried out by government institutions. The model developed considers the distribution of the time of the woman in three activities: working on the land, the domestic chores and the time to rest. A minimum level of food, which should be produced in the family farm, is assumed. Besides, the hours dedicated to the domestic chores are given. In this context, the most adequate intervention to improve the income and the welfare (an increase on the time to rest) of the rural woman -who is the head of the house-, based on the evaluation of the food assistance policies and the productive programs (technical assistance and credit for instance), are discussed. The theoretical analysis carried out shows the limitations of food assistance programs and suggests that they should be complemented with the productive programs. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Las actividades rurales no agrarias en familias campesinas de la sierra norte del Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)The aim of the document is to analyse the options of expansion that hat manufacture within peasant families of Bambamarca have. This is a part of one objective: the promotion of non-farming rural activities as a strategy to increase poor family’s income. A theoretical model, which allows identifying the growing possibilities of traditional transforming activities (Z goods), is developed. For the manufacture of hats case the problem was: how to transform hats from inferior goods to normal goods with a stable demand, not only in the national but also in the international market. With this aim, three things are suggested: the making easier the access to credit in order to allow people to buy raw material in the right time, improve the commercialisation system and the technique used in hat manufacture. In this moment, handcrafting is a subsistence activity that only allows the rapid capitalisation of the family. Therefore, interventions are required in order to make of handcrafting an activity that generates higher incomes and also creates new jobs in the rural industry context. Clearly, this effort of transformation requires the help of governmental actions, private agents and the peasant families themselves. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Incidencia tributaria sobre las exportaciones no tradicionales en el Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1992)A review of the main theoretical, institutional and quantitative features of export tax refunds. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Servicios no financieros y producción a pequeña escala : desafíos y lecciones de política(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1996)This paper examines the current prospects of small-scale manufacturing firms in Peru. The author argues that their viability depends, among other factors, on their access to various services such as specialized information on markets and technology, technical training and assistance, negotiations and actions to remove obstacles to foreign trade. These firms are facing intense competition with imported goods, which are produced and assembled abroad by firms that do have access to these services. Three modes of organizing the provision of these services are examined, namely market relations, contractual (vertical) relations and collective (horizontal) action. Market provision is limited insofar these services have, in some degree, the attributes of public goods (indivisible and non-excludable). Furthermore, their provision requires interactions in a context of asymmetric information and in some cases involves substantial investments and non-negligible sunk costs. Contractual relations within the vertical chain of activities, on the other hand, appear to be significant in agriculture. Their scope in urban settings is limited, however, due to the lack of production standards and heterogeneous technology, as well as higher transaction costs. Finally, collective action is hindered by the fragmentation and lack of legitimacy of producers’ associations, the heterogeneity of social norms and the weakness of the judiciary system. These factors reduce the possibilities of successful negotiation. The limits of these modes of organization provide a rationale for new forms of State intervention, this time in close cooperation with the private sector in order to secure technical competence and financial sustainability.