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Item type:Publication, Nasal Coarticulation and Prosody in Kakataibo(S. Karger AG, 2020-02-01)This paper presents the first phonetic description of the patterns of nasal coarticulation in Kakataibo. While closely related Panoan languages have been described as having anticipatory nasal coarticulation in VN sequences, there are only a few reports of other types of nasal coarticulation. Based on a detailed investigation of the aerodynamic properties of nasality, we account for the full variety of nasal coarticulation patterns in Kakataibo and discuss their interaction with prosody. This paper shows that nasal coarticulation occurs in all contexts in which there is vowel-nasal contiguity, although the amount and patterns of nasal coarticulation are dependent on the directionality of the process, the presence or absence of a syllable boundary and stress. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The grammar of body-part expressions: A view from the Americas(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)This volume explores the grammatical properties of body-part expressions across a range of languages and language families in the Americas, including Arawakan, Eastern Tukano, Mataguayan, Panoan, and Takanan. Expressions denoting parts of the body often exhibit specific grammatical properties that are intrinsically related to their semantics, and frequently appear in dedicated constructions, many of which are found exclusively in association with these expressions. Following a detailed introduction and discussion of the foundations of body-part grammar, the chapters in the first part of the book investigate categorialization, lexicalization, and the semantic processes associated with body-part expressions. In the second part of the book, contributors investigate specific grammatical properties of body-part expressions, such as inalienability, incorporation, possessive constructions, prefixation, topicality, and word-formation strategies. The volume draws on data from lesser-known languages that are often under-represented in comparative work, and makes a significant contribution not only to the linguistics of the Americas and the typology of body-part expressions, but also to typological studies more broadly, and to historical, comparative, and anthropological linguistics. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Introduction(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)This introduction outlines the chapters included in the present volume and places their contributions in the more general discussion on the grammar of body-part expressions. It underlines the substantial significance in this context of Amerindian languages, indicating that the extensive coverage and new insights detailed here willcontributing to the understanding of the nature of body-part expressions in the Americas. It also offers a detailed list of the languages discussed in the following chapters along with two maps illustrating their approximate locations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The grammar of body-part expressions in Iskonawa: Lexicalization, possession, prefixation, and incorporation(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)The chapter offers a study of the grammar of body-part expressions in Iskonawa, an obsolescing Pano language in the Ucayali Region (Peru) with only five native speakers. Body-part terms in Iskonawa may be either morphologically simple or complex words (including nominalizations), or compounds. There are three different constructions which are directly linked to body-part expressions in Iskonawa: possessive constructions, body-part prefixation, and body-part noun incorporation. This chapter argues that body-part prefixation is not as productive on verbs as it is on nouns or adjectives, in contrast to what has been claimed for other Pano languages. Incorporation of body-part nouns into the verb, rather than verbal body-part prefixation, is the preferred construction for expressing events related to body parts. Despite its productivity, body-part noun incorporation in Iskonawa has not been previously discussed in the literature. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Body-part nouns, prefixation, incorporation, and compounding in Panoan and Takanan: Evidence for the Pano-Takanan hypothesis?(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)A fundamental open question in South American classificatory linguistics is whether the abundant lexical and grammatical affinities exhibited by the Pano and Takana languages from Western Amazonia are due to genetic inheritance or prolonged language contact. Although the proposal of a Pano-Takana stock has traditionally been accepted in the literature, it has since been disputed. In this chapter we show that several body-part nouns in proto-Pano and proto-Takana are not only very similar but exhibit regular sound correspondences. Furthermore, we claim that the similarities between body-part expressions in Pano and in Takana go beyond the mere lexicon. Although it is true that only Pano languages exhibit body-part prefixation, Takana languages feature body-part noun incorporation and compounding. We argue that Pano body-part prefixation can in fact be interpreted as a historical development from source constructions like body-part noun incorporation and compounding, as they are synchronically found in Takana. The lexical and gramatical correspondences found among body-part constructions in Pano and Takana languages provide new evidence in favor of the Pano-Takana hypothesis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Linking endangerment databases and descriptive linguistics: An assessment of the use of terms relating to language endangerment in grammars(University of Hawaii Press, 2022-01-01)The world harbours a diversity of some 6,500 mutually unintelligible languages. As has been increasingly observed by linguists, many minority languages are becoming endangered and will be lost forever if not documented. The increased urgency has led to the development of several global endangerment databases and a more fine-grained understanding of the language endangerment progression as well as its possible reversal. In the present paper, we explore the terminological correlates of this development as found in the descriptive linguistic literature, using a corpus of over 10,000 digitized grammatical descriptions. Comparing this with existing endangerment databases, we find that simply counting terms related to endangerment does signal endangerment, but the degree of endangerment is more difficult to assess from grammatical descriptions. The label endangered seems to be an umbrella term that covers different situations ranging from moribund languages with less than ten speakers to minority languages with several thousand speakers. For many languages considered endangered in existing databases, explicit terms to this effect cannot be found in their descriptions. The discrepancy is due to incompleteness of the searchterm set, gaps in the literature, and projected rather than observed information in the databases. Our explorations illustrate the potential for database curation assisted by computational searches both to maintain accuracy of the databases and to investigate assumed language endangerment. Future work includes a larger cloud of search terms, usage of term frequencies, and prescreening of descriptive literature for the existence of a relevant section. From the perspective of descriptive linguistics, this study calls for a more careful correlation between the language endangerment indexes, as developed in the global endangerment databases, and the treatment of the endangerment status of individual languages in descriptive grammars.