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Palabra, visión y vínculo: ontología y performatividad del canto medicinal shipibo-konibo
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2026-07-30)
This article analyzes the medicinal poetics of the Shipibo-Konibo nation of Ucayali, based on a study of healing chants performed by two onanya –Chonon Jisbe and Wexa Beso– during ayahuasca (oni) ceremonies. The research draws on recordings made in October 2024 and is grounded in a collaborative translation process with the indigenous healers themselves and other Shipibo-Konibo researchers. Through linguistic and pragmatic analysis of the chants, the article argues that these are not merely descriptive but performative acts: they heal, diagnose, open visionary worlds, and summon spiritual forces. From an indigenous perspective, the onanya’s word is effective because it is sustained by an initiatory process (sama) that transforms the body and forges a bond with non-human beings. The chant thus functions as a performative speech act whose power cannot be fully explained through conventional theoretical frameworks but instead through a sonic ontology in which saying is also doing. Medicinal poetics emerge as a relational and visionary knowledge system that challenges dominant epistemologies and demands ethical, co-produced engagement. In sum, the article proposes an indigenous theory of verbal agency, situated at the intersection of body, voice, and spiritual world.
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Nasal Coarticulation and Prosody in Kakataibo
(S. Karger AG, 2020-02-01)
This paper presents the first phonetic description of the patterns of nasal coarticulation in Kakataibo. While closely related Panoan languages have been described as having anticipatory nasal coarticulation in VN sequences, there are only a few reports of other types of nasal coarticulation. Based on a detailed investigation of the aerodynamic properties of nasality, we account for the full variety of nasal coarticulation patterns in Kakataibo and discuss their interaction with prosody. This paper shows that nasal coarticulation occurs in all contexts in which there is vowel-nasal contiguity, although the amount and patterns of nasal coarticulation are dependent on the directionality of the process, the presence or absence of a syllable boundary and stress.
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The grammar of body-part expressions: A view from the Americas
(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)
This volume explores the grammatical properties of body-part expressions across a range of languages and language families in the Americas, including Arawakan, Eastern Tukano, Mataguayan, Panoan, and Takanan. Expressions denoting parts of the body often exhibit specific grammatical properties that are intrinsically related to their semantics, and frequently appear in dedicated constructions, many of which are found exclusively in association with these expressions. Following a detailed introduction and discussion of the foundations of body-part grammar, the chapters in the first part of the book investigate categorialization, lexicalization, and the semantic processes associated with body-part expressions. In the second part of the book, contributors investigate specific grammatical properties of body-part expressions, such as inalienability, incorporation, possessive constructions, prefixation, topicality, and word-formation strategies. The volume draws on data from lesser-known languages that are often under-represented in comparative work, and makes a significant contribution not only to the linguistics of the Americas and the typology of body-part expressions, but also to typological studies more broadly, and to historical, comparative, and anthropological linguistics.
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Introduction
(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)
This introduction outlines the chapters included in the present volume and places their contributions in the more general discussion on the grammar of body-part expressions. It underlines the substantial significance in this context of Amerindian languages, indicating that the extensive coverage and new insights detailed here willcontributing to the understanding of the nature of body-part expressions in the Americas. It also offers a detailed list of the languages discussed in the following chapters along with two maps illustrating their approximate locations.
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The grammar of body-part expressions in Iskonawa: Lexicalization, possession, prefixation, and incorporation
(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)
The chapter offers a study of the grammar of body-part expressions in Iskonawa, an obsolescing Pano language in the Ucayali Region (Peru) with only five native speakers. Body-part terms in Iskonawa may be either morphologically simple or complex words (including nominalizations), or compounds. There are three different constructions which are directly linked to body-part expressions in Iskonawa: possessive constructions, body-part prefixation, and body-part noun incorporation. This chapter argues that body-part prefixation is not as productive on verbs as it is on nouns or adjectives, in contrast to what has been claimed for other Pano languages. Incorporation of body-part nouns into the verb, rather than verbal body-part prefixation, is the preferred construction for expressing events related to body parts. Despite its productivity, body-part noun incorporation in Iskonawa has not been previously discussed in the literature.
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Body-part nouns, prefixation, incorporation, and compounding in Panoan and Takanan: Evidence for the Pano-Takanan hypothesis?
(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)
A fundamental open question in South American classificatory linguistics is whether the abundant lexical and grammatical affinities exhibited by the Pano and Takana languages from Western Amazonia are due to genetic inheritance or prolonged language contact. Although the proposal of a Pano-Takana stock has traditionally been accepted in the literature, it has since been disputed. In this chapter we show that several body-part nouns in proto-Pano and proto-Takana are not only very similar but exhibit regular sound correspondences. Furthermore, we claim that the similarities between body-part expressions in Pano and in Takana go beyond the mere lexicon. Although it is true that only Pano languages exhibit body-part prefixation, Takana languages feature body-part noun incorporation and compounding. We argue that Pano body-part prefixation can in fact be interpreted as a historical development from source constructions like body-part noun incorporation and compounding, as they are synchronically found in Takana. The lexical and gramatical correspondences found among body-part constructions in Pano and Takana languages provide new evidence in favor of the Pano-Takana hypothesis.
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Linking endangerment databases and descriptive linguistics: An assessment of the use of terms relating to language endangerment in grammars
(University of Hawaii Press, 2022-01-01)
The world harbours a diversity of some 6,500 mutually unintelligible languages. As has been increasingly observed by linguists, many minority languages are becoming endangered and will be lost forever if not documented. The increased urgency has led to the development of several global endangerment databases and a more fine-grained understanding of the language endangerment progression as well as its possible reversal. In the present paper, we explore the terminological correlates of this development as found in the descriptive linguistic literature, using a corpus of over 10,000 digitized grammatical descriptions. Comparing this with existing endangerment databases, we find that simply counting terms related to endangerment does signal endangerment, but the degree of endangerment is more difficult to assess from grammatical descriptions. The label endangered seems to be an umbrella term that covers different situations ranging from moribund languages with less than ten speakers to minority languages with several thousand speakers. For many languages considered endangered in existing databases, explicit terms to this effect cannot be found in their descriptions. The discrepancy is due to incompleteness of the searchterm set, gaps in the literature, and projected rather than observed information in the databases. Our explorations illustrate the potential for database curation assisted by computational searches both to maintain accuracy of the databases and to investigate assumed language endangerment. Future work includes a larger cloud of search terms, usage of term frequencies, and prescreening of descriptive literature for the existence of a relevant section. From the perspective of descriptive linguistics, this study calls for a more careful correlation between the language endangerment indexes, as developed in the global endangerment databases, and the treatment of the endangerment status of individual languages in descriptive grammars.
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El verde más diverso : el fascinante mosaico lingüístico de la Amazonía
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2021)
Con un aproximado de 330 lenguas vivas, la Amazonía2 es una de las regiones lingüísticas más diversas del mundo. Si bien el número de lenguas amazónicas es menor al que encontramos en otras regiones lingüísticamente megadiversas, como Papúa Nueva Guinea (en donde se hablan más de 800 lenguas) o el Sudeste Asiático (donde se hablan aproximadamente 1000 lenguas), la Amazonía es la región con el número más elevado de linajes lingüísticos.
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Object-oriented switch-reference in Pano
(Oxford University Press (United Kingdom)::will be referenced::ROR-ID, 2025-01-01)
The label switch-reference has been used to refer to a widely-attested grammatical category whose principal function is to indicate co-reference relations among arguments of different clauses in discourse. Switch-reference is attested in languages of most regions of the world and is widespread in Amazonia, where Pano languages seem to exhibit some of the most complex switch-reference systems documented so far. This chapter explores switch-reference in Pano languages, focusing on what is called here ‘object-oriented switch-reference’ (i.e. a diverse range of switch-reference markers that encode co-reference relations based on the object argument of either any or both the marked and the controlling clause). After introducing the most important facts about switch-reference in Pano, the chapter discusses and illustrates the synchronic morphosyntactic and semantic properties of object-oriented switch-reference. It also provides some diachronic hypothesis about their origin and evolution, proving that this typologically uncommon type of switch-reference evolved from nominalizations.
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Tono léxico y estructura métrica de la palabra amahuaca: hacia una comprensión de los patrones prosódicos de una lengua pano de las cabeceras
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-16)
In the prosody of the Amahuaca language (Pano, Peru), we identify a lexical tone that contrasts with the absence of tone (H vs. Ø) and a metric structure based on the formation of trochaic feet from left to right. These features interact in such a way that the tonal structure of the roots changes in morphologically complex words, preventing high tones from falling on even, non-prominent syllables. Although the lexical tone of Amahuaca roots can be classified as a tonal system, the metric structure of the word would not satisfy the principle of culminativity, which assumes the presence of a syllable with maximum prosodic prominence (primary stress) in words with two or more well-formed metric feet.
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