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Item type:Publication, The Subnational Indigenous Quota in Peru: The Paradoxes of Political Representation(Cambridge University Press, 2020-08-01)ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to explain the territorial variation in indigenous political representation at the subnational level in Peru. The Peruvian state introduced a weak indigenous electoral quota, and its effects have varied across provinces. This article presents a typology that combines descriptive and substantive dimensions of political representation. Using a subnational comparative method, the four cases studied illustrate distinct dynamics. The article argues that these differing dynamics are explained by a combination of sociostructural variables (i.e., political articulation and cohesion of indigenous organizations as a result of a conflict) and individual variables (i.e., candidates’ political capital). This article demonstrates how, even in an institutionally adverse environment that does not feature ethnic parties, both descriptive and substantive indigenous political representation can be achieved, and that these two dimensions are not necessarily related. The article is based on fieldwork and interviews with key provincial political actors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Multilevel Research Designs: Case Selection, Levels of Analysis, and Scope Conditions(Springer, 2020-12-01)Subnational research in comparative politics has been growing steadily in the last two decades. However, methodological advances have been rather limited. This article builds upon Snyder’s (Stud Comp Int Dev 36(1):93–110, 2001) subnational comparative method and extends its logic to the comparison of subnational units from different countries. It proposes a novel typology of multilevel research designs that focuses particularly on cross-national small-N analysis (CSNA). This research design offers three different logics of qualitative case selection to achieve a sound trade-off between internal and external validity. This article analyzes the advantages and limitations of the underlying logics of CSNA and illustrates their use with recent empirical research from Latin American countries. It concludes by highlighting its versatility and offers a series of best practices in order to produce more generalizable findings than the majority of single-country subnational comparisons. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elecciones subnacionales en Lima 2018: hacia un escenario (aún) más fragmentado(2021-07-25)Jorge Muñoz se convirtió en alcalde de Lima de manera inesperada en las elecciones subnacionales de octubre de 2018. Asimismo, su partido, Acción Popular, obtuvo 14 alcaldías distritales. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los resultados electorales de estos comicios y ponerlos en perspectiva comparada con las elecciones de 2014, cuando fue previsiblemente electo por tercera ver Luis Castañeda de Solidaridad Nacional. El trabajo argumenta que las elecciones de 2018 presentaron un escenario de una mayor incertidumbre y de ausencia de candidaturas incumbentes tras la prohibición de la reelección y que esto se reflejó en una mayor fragmentación de la competencia, más débil desempeño del ganador a nivel de Lima metropolitana y sus candidaturas distritales y una mayor incongruencia en los patrones de la competencia partidaria entre los niveles. El trabajo utiliza una serie de indicadores para caracterizar los patrones de competencia de partidos y sistemas de partidos, mapas y análisis estadístico bivariado para poner en perspectiva a los resultados de las elecciones de 2014 y 2018. El artículo concluye planteando que Lima no escapa de los patrones electorales más generales de Perú. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Snowball sampling and Facebook: how social media can help access hard-to-reach populations(Cambridge University Press, 2021-10-18)The snowball sampling method (SSM) is one of the most widely used methods to collect information about hard-to-reach populations and in low-information contexts. This article argues that SSM can be enhanced by the use of Facebook in at least three ways. This social-networking site helps to address some of the inherent limitations of SSM by learning about local contexts and identifying principal political actors, by gathering background information about and establishing contact with them, and by triangulating information they provide and reaching out to additional key informants. Thus, this article shows how Facebook can provide leverage in overcoming the problem of biased samples and offers concrete empirical illustrations from research on local politics in Latin American countries. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Mayors on the agenda: An analysis of the studies on subnational politics and local executives in Latin American political science journals (2010–2022)(Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 2024-12-01)After decentralization reforms in Latin America, the prominence of local political actors, and mayor in particular, has increased significantly in the region. Their role is crucial in the analysis of diverse national and local political phenomena. However, is this importance reflected in the study of subnational politics in Latin America? We argue that the analysis of subnational politics and particularly mayors has received a scant attention in Latin American Political Science research. Examining the production of 28 journals published in or focusing on Latin America between 2010 and 2022, we show that —with ample variation between the journals— only 6,59% of the almost 8,000 reviews articles focus on subnational politics and only 0,79% study the role of mayors in local politics. Using empirical examples from recent studies, we show why these findings are disconcerting. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Introducción del dossier: Democracia subnacional en Colombia y América Latina(Autonomous University of Bucaramanga, 2024-06-29)Este artículo revisa el creciente interés en la política subnacional dentro de la Ciencia Política comparada. Destaca la importancia del “giro subnacional” y cómo los estudios subnacionales han enriquecido el conocimiento teórico, metodológico y empírico de la disciplina. Este dossier de la Revista Reflexión Política aborda temas como la democracia, la representación política, la participación de las mujeres y la implementación de políticas públicas, subrayando la necesidad de estudiar la política subnacional para comprender tanto las dinámicas políticas subnacionales como las nacionales. El trabajo cierra identificando los desafíos metodológicos, como la escasez de datos comparativos y la necesidad de investigar más las interacciones entre actores políticos y no estatales en la investigación subnacional. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Representation in Local Elections in Latin America? National Political Parties and Other Candidates to City Halls(Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA), 2023-01-01)Latin American countries allow for the political participation of different types of candidates in local elections. Institutional reforms in recent decades have tended to open up local electoral competition, allowing for a greater presence of alternative candidacies to parties. This article explores the presence of mayors from national political parties versus alternative candidacies and their relationship with national legislation on the type of electoral candidacies allowed in each country. The study argues that while there is much variation across countries, party-governed mayorships are the most common and local executives led by alternative candidacies are not necessarily as numerous. On the one hand, using descriptive statistics, the findings show that the presence of new actors is rather concentrated in urban and more socio-economically developed areas. On the other hand, using secondary literature from different Latin American countries, the article shows that the perceived crisis of representation is due to three aspects of national party candidacies, related to the type of people who form them, their relationship with political parties, and the relationship of local party branches with their national counterparts. The research is based on the electoral results of almost 10,000 municipalities in 15 Latin American countries in the mid-2010s. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Paraguay 2022: Personalization Within a Strong Party System(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 2023-01-01)The year 2022 in Paraguay was marked by internal elections of political parties and scandals related to corruption, insecurity, and organized crime. Former president Horacio Cartes was elected as the new president of the governing ANR, and his candidate, Santiago Peña, won the ANR internal elections to become the ruling party’s presidential candidate in 2023. The article argues that in this context, the two traditional parties opted, paradoxically, for opposing strategies, albeit with strong personalistic elements in both cases. In a political system characterized by a combination of personalistic politics and strong party machines, Cartes achieved to dominate the political scene, despite accusations of corruption against him. We argue that he diverted the attention from the corruption charges to conservative anti-gender issues in the public agenda and used this discourse to win ANR internal elections in the second half of the year. We also show that the ossification of the Paraguayan party system had negative consequences for democracy in the country in 2022, related to the personalization of political parties, corruption scandals in politics, and increased public insecurity and drug trafficking. Although party system collapse is unlikely, we conclude the article by showing that Paraguay can offer some comparative lessons for democracy in other Latin American countries. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Democratizing Urban Governance Through Mayoral Term Limits: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from a Reform in Chilean Municipalities(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-09-01)Term limits on elected mayors are often advocated because they eliminate the incumbency advantage and promote higher representativeness and citizen participation through a more open and reinvigorated electoral competition in local governments. We examine whether key dimensions of local democracy (election competitiveness, turnout, invalid voting, descriptive representation of women) are affected by the imposition of term limits. This article uses a quasi-experimental technique (difference-in-differences design) which leverages a unique and rare institutional reform in Chile that exogenously imposed term limits on some - but not all - mayors in 2020. The as-good-as random assignment of municipalities to either group allows to exploit comparisons which yield robust causal estimates. The overall contribution of term limits to local democracy has been positive because they promote electoral competition, the emergence of female candidates and voter participation, as well as reduce invalid voting rates.