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    Network effects in mobile telecommunications markets: A comparative analysis of consumers' preferences in five Latin American countries
    (Elsevier, 2020-06-01)
    It has been shown that the presence of demand-side externalities can induce the market to benefit the largest firms in terms of market share, usually named as network effect by the theoretical literature. On the one hand, macro-level approach in the empirical literature of network effects commonly use the assumption that a network's overall size matters more to consumers' decisions (global network effects). On the other hand, micro-level studies have suggested that social networks are more relevant to consumers' choices than the overall network size (local network effects). Based on microdata from five Latin American countries, we compare the choice of a particular operator over choosing the largest operator by individual consumers. Our research shows that country-level network size is one among a set factors that determine consumers' choices of mobile operators, once individual and operators' country presence heterogeneity are considered. We find that consumers' local network decisions are important for the choice of operator in the majority of cases considered, and that this result is conditional on the chosen operator's market share. Furthermore, network characteristics and consumer preferences, such as coverage, tariffs, and network importance also affect the choice of mobile network for the Latin American context.
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    Regulatory and Broadband Industry Responses to COVID-19: Cases of Uganda, Peru, and the Caribbean
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2023-05-09)
    The COVID-19 pandemic was particularly challenging for developing countries because of pre-existing poverty and severe inequality. Governments tended to set public safety as a primary goal, but it could not be their singular goal. Broadband was an important feature of any policy solution. Business lockdowns, school closures, and social distancing led to an unprecedented acceleration in the demand for broadband. But the government restrictions on social and economic interactions made it difficult to maintain and expand broadband networks. Governments might have let markets work out this challenge of escalating demand and increasing costs of supply, but few did. Governments quickly grew to believe that it would need cooperative relationships among multiple government agencies and private businesses to answer what appeared to be a broadband shortage. Regulatory controls over broadband providers were quickly suspended in favour of developing common goals and coordinated efforts. These approaches proved effective, although citizens continued to suffer from the pandemic.
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    A New Infrastructure for the Amazon
    (2023-11-17)
    Infrastructure in the Amazon has prioritized national development and other interests, which were generally tilted towards extractive activities (mining, energy, agriculture/cattle) and domestic industrial policies (e.g., Manaus Free Zone) rather than needs of local populations or environmental concerns, such as maintaining and protecting the high diversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, resulting in an unsustainable, low-quality development process. A new paradigm is necessary for adapting existing infrastructure, and for planning and building future infrastructure, at both national and subnational levels. This new paradigm should be based on the concept of a spatial configuration and include the consideration of nature-based solutions and Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK).