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Micromorphological analyses for the reconstruction of activities in the Maranga-Lima architectural complex
(Universidad de Tarapaca, 2021-12-01)
Se presentan los primeros resultados de anlisis micromorfolgicos llevados a cabo en cuatro muestras extradas de pisos de ocupacin del complejo urbano de Maranga-Lima (ca. 350-780 DC). Los resultados de dichos anlisis revelan evidencias de reas de actividad que involucran eventos de combustin donde, junto con material carbonizado, aparecen componentes orgnicos (en particular restos seos y malacolgicos). Asimismo, se ha recuperado la evidencia de una posible cobertura del piso con esteras, inferidas por la concentracin de fitolitos de pastos no carbonizados. As, el estudio pone en evidencia el potencial de los anlisis micromorfolgicos para la reconstruccin de reas de actividad en los espacios del complejo urbano que suelen encontrarse "limpios" en perspectiva macroscpica.
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Examination of a stratigraphic profile of Lima in Maranga
(Cambridge University Press, 2021-09-01)
Se presentan los resultados del examen de un perfil estratigráfico ubicado en el sureste del Complejo Maranga-Lima, en el valle bajo del Rímac. Las evidencias recuperadas permiten fechar la ocupación de dicho sector entre los 620 dC y los 780 dC. Se analiza también la geomorfología vinculada con la ocupación humana, que incluyó eventos aluviales asociados con su abandono. También se analiza una columna palinológica que sugiere un ecosistema semi-árido impactado por el establecimiento de Maranga.
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Testing the accuracy of OSL and pIR IRSL dating of young geoarchaeological sediments in coastal Peru
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-11-01)
Luminescence dating of late Quaternary sediments in Peru is challenging, especially on the Peruvian coast. Earlier studies have shown that quartz grains often exhibit a thermally unstable, medium signal that caused the underestimation of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages. InfraRed Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) dating has shown to produce more reliable ages, depending, amongst other factors, on the age model (Central or Minimum Age Model), and the IRSL signal. IRSL dating of geoarchaeological sediments has, however, hardly been carried out, let along validated, against an independent age dataset. This dating approach is, nonetheless, the only promising way to date the geological substrate in which many of Peru's archaeological sites are buried. Peru contains some of the oldest and most important archaeological heritage sites, yet not much is known of the environmental context in which many of its early civilizations prospered. A better understanding of which luminescence method works best could therefore help in a better understanding of the geological-stratigraphical context of many of Peru's sites. To investigate this matter more fully, we compared the luminescence dating results of seven sediment samples from the top layer of the Lima alluvial fan and from geoarchaeological layers of the Maranga Complex (San Miguel, Lima), with an independent dataset of sixteen 14C ages. Our results showed that the quartz OSL ages always underestimated the expected ages due to a signal dominated by medium and slow components, and that the post-IR IRSL225 (pIR IRSL225) and IRSL50 ages of K-feldspars, on basis of the Central Age Model (CAM), always overestimated the expected ages. The Minimum Age Model (MAM) on the other hand, correctly predicted the expected ages for the early Holocene, Lima alluvial fan sediments using the pIR IRSL225 signal of K-feldspars, and the late Holocene, geoarchaeological ages using the IRSL50 signal.
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Preadult diets in prehistoric Lima: Stable isotopes from Huaca 20 (620–780 CE), Maranga Complex, Peru
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-10-01)
Using stable isotope and Bayesian Mixing Models, this study aims to understand the preadult dietary patterns of human individuals from Huaca 20 (H20, 620–780 CE), a residential sector of the main urban center in the lower Rimac Valley of the Peruvian Central Coast. Due to preservation issues, a practical approach was employed to understand the diet of this population, using data for δ13C and δ15N obtained from the dentine of anatomic tooth segments of 20 adult individuals, which were analyzed by sex and broad life-stages (i.e., infant, child, adolescent). We then conducted individual paleodietary reconstructions using a Bayesian Mixing Model to obtain the quantitative contribution of four food groups. The results indicate that this population relied on a mixed diet mainly composed of C4 (maize) and C3 resources complemented with marine protein in variable proportions, and minimal contributions of terrestrial protein. Maize and C3 resources were the main foods during infancy and childhood of these adults, whereas the diet during adolescence shows more marine protein, possibly more similar to the adult diet of this community. This isotopic evidence from Huaca 20 suggests the use of specific infant feeding strategies.
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Early Ceremonial and Monumental Architecture in the Central Andes
(Oxford University Press, 2026-05-21)
The emergence of social complexity in the central Andes was characterized by the presence of large and elaborated buildings of ritual nature throughout the region. In an almost 3,000-year time span (from 3000 to 200 BC), ritual/ceremonial architecture had a developmental sequence that included changes in scale, spatial organization, territorial scope, and associated iconography. These changes allow the evaluation of the sociopolitical dynamics that characterized the early times of Andean complex societies. Extended networks of ritual buildings scattered in different valleys characterized the beginnings of the sequence, with an emphasis on buildings' scale in some regions. Later, a more centralized spatial organization, with main buildings within larger complexes, suggests the increase of political centralization. This is reinforced during the first millennium BC, when buildings were smaller but more elaborated and used to appear as single or paired ceremonial centers for entire valleys or regions. The sequence ends when, due to political disaggregation, the central Andes is, again, characterized by extended networks of small (and sometimes fortified) ritual buildings.
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