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Item type:Publication, Integration of non-destructive testing, numerical simulations, and simplified analytical tools for assessing the structural performance of historical adobe buildings(Elsevier, 2021-07-05)For existing structures, the development of seismic vulnerability studies requires the availability of information related to geometry, boundary conditions, material properties, and accumulated damage. In the case of historical constructions, modern conservation criteria recommend carrying out a comprehensive structural assessment that involves the use of concurrent experimental diagnosis complemented with numerical and analytical approaches for structural analysis. This paper presents a proposal for a comprehensive integration of these perspectives by the application of several tools for the seismic performance analysis of an iconic Andean historical adobe building: the 'San Pedro Apostol Church' located in Andahuaylillas, Southern Peru. In this church, several non-destructive techniques for geometrical and damage assessment were combined with structural exploration tools, nonlinear numerical modeling, and simplified analytical tools for performing predictive seismic analysis. The results indicate the feasibility of the integration of these techniques for studying existing earthen buildings and their capacity to properly predict observed damage in past earthquakes (i.e. failures of bell towers, façade walls, tympani, and triumphal arches). In particular, the analyses allowed the identification of high seismic vulnerability of the studied church in occasional earthquakes (earthquakes with a return period of 72 years) due to the activation of collapse mechanisms consisting of rocking of the façade walls and out-of-plane overturning of the lateral walls. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Daily and seasonal effects of environmental temperature and humidity on the modal properties of structures(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-07-01)In Structural Health Monitoring understanding the effect of the environment on the modal properties of structures is essential. In this study, we evaluate the influence of changes in ambient conditions on the natural frequencies of three real large-scale structures: A 9-story reinforced concrete (RC) building and two sixteenth century churches of adobe masonry. For these structures, both environmental parameters (ambient temperature and relative humidity) and modal parameters were continuously monitored for a combined period of 8-years (RC building) and 2-years (for each of the adobe churches) in order to assess the effect of daily and seasonal variations of environmental parameters on the modal response. The results of the seasonal comparison indicate a negative correlation between ambient temperature and natural frequencies for the concrete structure, while for adobe structures a positive correlation between humidity and natural frequencies was observed. For daily variations, an out-of-phase and lag response of natural frequencies to variations in the environment was observed. A change on the daily lag was observed depending on the time of the year. Both seasonal and daily comparisons show the existence of a strong seasonality in frequency variations, where the form of response of this to environmental effects is different depending on the season. The magnitude of the daily variability is smaller in comparison to the seasonal variations. Finally, it was determined that the variation in natural frequencies depends on several factors such as the predominant material of the structure (namely reinforced concrete and adobe), the type of environmental exposure (temperature or humidity), and the characteristics of the structure (dimension of main elements).