3. Producción
Browse
11 results
Search Results
- Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Role of Nutrition and Literacy on the Cognitive Functioning of Elderly Poor Individuals(Routledge, 2020-05-03)Maintaining cognitive function is a prerequisite of living independently, which is a highly valued component in older individuals’ well-being. In this article we assess the role of early-life and later-life nutritional status, education, and literacy on the cognitive functioning of older adults living in poverty in Peru. We exploit the baseline sample of the Peruvian noncontributory pension program Pension 65 and find that current nutritional status and literacy are strongly associated with cognitive functioning for poor older adults. In a context of rising popularity of noncontributory pension programs around the world, our study intends to contribute to the discussion of designing accompanying measures to the pension transfer, such as adult literacy programs and monitoring of adequate nutrition of older adults. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Perceptions of own social class and local affluence: Effects on preferences for redistribution(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2025-11)We conducted an online survey experiment in Lima to study how perceptions of social class shape support for economic redistribution. Participants were randomly informed about either their actual socio-economic status (SES) or the true share of affluent households in their district. Respondents substantially overestimated their own SES and, to a lesser extent, the prevalence of affluent households. Correctingthese misperceptions generally increased support for redistribution, with no effect on a wealth-tax proposal. Effects were especially strong when respondents had misjudged their SES by two or more levels: even those predisposed against redistribution (e.g., right-leaning, individualistic, or sceptical of government) increased their support. Similar patterns also emerged when correcting beliefs about the local distribution of SES. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Las características del adulto mayor peruano y las políticas de protección social(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2013)The first goal of this paper is to analyze recent socio-economic characteristics of old-age people in Peru, with emphasis on poverty and social exclusion. For this, we use the National Household survey (ENAHO) of year 2011 and find that the majority of the extreme poor elderly are living in the rural area. Furthermore, only 1% of the elderly living in extreme poverty receives a pension benefit and a vast majority of them live in one or two-person households, which intensify their vulnerability. The second goal is to review the most important social and economic policies towards old-age in Peru. And finally, we review the literature and policies for the elderly implemented in other countries with the aim to describe their most relevant impacts. Overall, our document might be a useful input to think and propose new policies towards old-age people in Peru based on evidences. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Gender gap in pension savings: evidence from Peru’s individual capitalization system(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2022-06)We study the gender gap in the accumulation of pension funds in Peru, a country where the main pension system is based on individual retirement accounts. We exploit randomly selected samples of administrative pension fund registers collected between 2005 and 2019 and find a gender gap in favour of men at each percentile of the distribution of pension funds. The unconditional gender gap decreases along the percentiles until it reaches a sort of “glass ceiling” around the 85th percentile, and then it increases substantially. We also detect heterogeneity by birth cohorts, indicating that older cohorts show higher gender gaps in pension saving because of the capitalization process. Moreover, we find that awareness about pension fund risk management –a proxy for financial literacy– increases the dispersion of pension savings over the distribution and, therefore, increases inequality. This situation is aggravated by the fact that Peru has very low levels of financial literacy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The effects of social pensions on mortality among the extreme poor elderly(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2023-09)We study the effects of Peru’s social pension programme Pension 65 on mortality. The programme provides pensions to people aged 65 and older who do not have other pensions and are extreme poor. The analysis relies on survey data obtained at the baseline and matched to mortality records of 2012-2019. We exploit the discontinuity around the welfare index used by the programme to determine eligibility, and estimate intention-totreat effects. We find that after seven years, the programme could reduce mortality among eligible people by about 11.4 percentage points, implying about one year more in life expectancy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reformando el sistema de pensiones en Perú: costo fiscal, nivel de pensiones, brecha de género y desigualdad(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2020-12)El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar los posibles efectos de distintos escenarios de reforma del sistema de pensiones peruano en la deuda pública, valor de las pensiones, brecha de género y desigualdad de pensiones. Se analizan 3 modelos de reforma: i) capitalización individual puro, ii) sistema mixto basado en complementos de pensión (top up) y iii) sistema mixto con cuentas nocionales. Los resultados indican que el modelo de capitalización individual puro es mucho más costoso que el resto de alternativas y además no genera las pensiones más altas ni es el que reduce más las brechas de género ni la desigualdad de pensiones. Es tan caro ese escenario de reforma (57.1% del PBI) que es fiscalmente poco responsable. En cambio, el modelo mixto de cuentas nocionales es superior pues implica un considerablemente menor costo fiscal (9.5% del PBI) y mejores resultados en la brecha de género y el valor de las pensiones. En todos los casos se considera una pensión universal de monto pequeño, pensión mínima y pensiones garantizadas según umbrales de números de aportes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Envejeciendo desigualmente en América Latina(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2023-07)Esta investigación estudia el bienestar de los adultos mayores desde una perspectiva multidimensional en 18 países de América Latina. Para ello se estima un índice de envejecimiento activo para cada individuo y se analiza su distribución en cada país. Esta estrategia permite medir la desigualdad en la calidad del envejecimiento, así como también permite considerar diferentes juicios de valor en la evaluación global de la calidad de vida durante el envejecimiento. De esto modo, se puede dar luces sobre las discrepancias en la calidad del envejecimiento dentro de los países y entre países. También se analizan los factores asociados al grado de desigualdad en la calidad del envejecimiento a partir de regresiones de funciones de influencia (RIF regressions) y se encuentra que una mayor proporción de población adulta mayor con educación secundaria o con acceso a infraestructura y servicios públicos reduce los niveles de desigualdad en la calidad del envejecimiento. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Six ways population change will affect the global economy(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-03-01)New estimates of economic flows by age combined with population projections show that in the coming decades (1) global GDP growth could be slower by about 1 percentage point per year, declining more sharply than population growth; (2) GDP will shift toward sub-Saharan Africa more than population trends suggest; (3) living standards of working-age adults may be squeezed by high spending on children and seniors; (4) changing population age distribution will raise living standards in many lower-income nations; (5) changing economic life cycles will amplify the economic effects of population aging in many higher income economies; and (6) population aging will likely push public debt, private assets, and perhaps productivity higher. Population change will have profound implications for national, regional, and global economies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Preferences for redistribution policies among politicians and citizens(London School of Economics and Political Science, 2025-11-04)This paper compares the “mental maps” of redistribution among politicians and citizens across seven parliaments, using original in-person surveys of sitting MPs and nationally representative citizen samples. Fairness beliefs and ideology are the strongest correlates of support for redistribution in both groups, while misperceptions of wealth concentration matter for citizens but much less for politicians. A central finding is that politicians hold markedly more polarized views on redistribution than citizens, including within the same party families. We also find systematic elite–voter gaps: left MPs are more supportive than their voters (notably on inheritance taxation), whereas right/liberal MPs are less supportive than theirs. These patterns point to a representation concern and a bargaining space among elites that is narrower than in the electorate.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ethnic differences and preference heterogeneity: assessing social pensions in Peru(Routledge, 2025-01-01)We examine the impact of the non-contributory social pension program (Pension 65) in Peru, highlighting its varying effects on the three main ethnic groups: Mestizo, Quechua, and Aymara. Notably, Aymara beneficiaries have experienced greater improvements in health outcomes compared to other Peruvians. To account for these ethnic differences when evaluating policy programs, it is essential to use a welfare criterion that reflects preference heterogeneity. We propose a natural criterion: a program benefits a recipient if it lifts them to a higher indifference curve. We contrast this approach with an alternative that uses self-reported subjective well-being to evaluate a policy program. Through a panel life satisfaction regression, we find evidence of preference heterogeneity between the Aymara and other ethnic groups, consistent with the observed differences. Lastly, we explore why, contrary to simple intuition, not all beneficiaries reach a higher indifference curve.2