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Author: search.filters.author.Olivera, JavierSubject: search.filters.subject.Peru

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    Perceptions of own social class and local affluence: Effects on preferences for redistribution
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2025-11)
    We conducted an online survey experiment in Lima to study how perceptions of social class shape support for economic redistribution. Participants were randomly informed about either their actual socio-economic status (SES) or the true share of affluent households in their district. Respondents substantially overestimated their own SES and, to a lesser extent, the prevalence of affluent households. Correctingthese misperceptions generally increased support for redistribution, with no effect on a wealth-tax proposal. Effects were especially strong when respondents had misjudged their SES by two or more levels: even those predisposed against redistribution (e.g., right-leaning, individualistic, or sceptical of government) increased their support. Similar patterns also emerged when correcting beliefs about the local distribution of SES.
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    Gender gap in pension savings: evidence from Peru’s individual capitalization system
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2022-06)
    We study the gender gap in the accumulation of pension funds in Peru, a country where the main pension system is based on individual retirement accounts. We exploit randomly selected samples of administrative pension fund registers collected between 2005 and 2019 and find a gender gap in favour of men at each percentile of the distribution of pension funds. The unconditional gender gap decreases along the percentiles until it reaches a sort of “glass ceiling” around the 85th percentile, and then it increases substantially. We also detect heterogeneity by birth cohorts, indicating that older cohorts show higher gender gaps in pension saving because of the capitalization process. Moreover, we find that awareness about pension fund risk management –a proxy for financial literacy– increases the dispersion of pension savings over the distribution and, therefore, increases inequality. This situation is aggravated by the fact that Peru has very low levels of financial literacy.
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    Ethnic differences and preference heterogeneity: assessing social pensions in Peru
    (Routledge, 2025-01-01)
    We examine the impact of the non-contributory social pension program (Pension 65) in Peru, highlighting its varying effects on the three main ethnic groups: Mestizo, Quechua, and Aymara. Notably, Aymara beneficiaries have experienced greater improvements in health outcomes compared to other Peruvians. To account for these ethnic differences when evaluating policy programs, it is essential to use a welfare criterion that reflects preference heterogeneity. We propose a natural criterion: a program benefits a recipient if it lifts them to a higher indifference curve. We contrast this approach with an alternative that uses self-reported subjective well-being to evaluate a policy program. Through a panel life satisfaction regression, we find evidence of preference heterogeneity between the Aymara and other ethnic groups, consistent with the observed differences. Lastly, we explore why, contrary to simple intuition, not all beneficiaries reach a higher indifference curve.
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