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Item type:Publication, The Role of Nutrition and Literacy on the Cognitive Functioning of Elderly Poor Individuals(Routledge, 2020-05-03)Maintaining cognitive function is a prerequisite of living independently, which is a highly valued component in older individuals’ well-being. In this article we assess the role of early-life and later-life nutritional status, education, and literacy on the cognitive functioning of older adults living in poverty in Peru. We exploit the baseline sample of the Peruvian noncontributory pension program Pension 65 and find that current nutritional status and literacy are strongly associated with cognitive functioning for poor older adults. In a context of rising popularity of noncontributory pension programs around the world, our study intends to contribute to the discussion of designing accompanying measures to the pension transfer, such as adult literacy programs and monitoring of adequate nutrition of older adults. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Perceptions of own social class and local affluence: Effects on preferences for redistribution(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2025-11)We conducted an online survey experiment in Lima to study how perceptions of social class shape support for economic redistribution. Participants were randomly informed about either their actual socio-economic status (SES) or the true share of affluent households in their district. Respondents substantially overestimated their own SES and, to a lesser extent, the prevalence of affluent households. Correctingthese misperceptions generally increased support for redistribution, with no effect on a wealth-tax proposal. Effects were especially strong when respondents had misjudged their SES by two or more levels: even those predisposed against redistribution (e.g., right-leaning, individualistic, or sceptical of government) increased their support. Similar patterns also emerged when correcting beliefs about the local distribution of SES. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Gender gap in pension savings: evidence from Peru’s individual capitalization system(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2022-06)We study the gender gap in the accumulation of pension funds in Peru, a country where the main pension system is based on individual retirement accounts. We exploit randomly selected samples of administrative pension fund registers collected between 2005 and 2019 and find a gender gap in favour of men at each percentile of the distribution of pension funds. The unconditional gender gap decreases along the percentiles until it reaches a sort of “glass ceiling” around the 85th percentile, and then it increases substantially. We also detect heterogeneity by birth cohorts, indicating that older cohorts show higher gender gaps in pension saving because of the capitalization process. Moreover, we find that awareness about pension fund risk management –a proxy for financial literacy– increases the dispersion of pension savings over the distribution and, therefore, increases inequality. This situation is aggravated by the fact that Peru has very low levels of financial literacy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The effects of social pensions on mortality among the extreme poor elderly(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2023-09)We study the effects of Peru’s social pension programme Pension 65 on mortality. The programme provides pensions to people aged 65 and older who do not have other pensions and are extreme poor. The analysis relies on survey data obtained at the baseline and matched to mortality records of 2012-2019. We exploit the discontinuity around the welfare index used by the programme to determine eligibility, and estimate intention-totreat effects. We find that after seven years, the programme could reduce mortality among eligible people by about 11.4 percentage points, implying about one year more in life expectancy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Six ways population change will affect the global economy(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-03-01)New estimates of economic flows by age combined with population projections show that in the coming decades (1) global GDP growth could be slower by about 1 percentage point per year, declining more sharply than population growth; (2) GDP will shift toward sub-Saharan Africa more than population trends suggest; (3) living standards of working-age adults may be squeezed by high spending on children and seniors; (4) changing population age distribution will raise living standards in many lower-income nations; (5) changing economic life cycles will amplify the economic effects of population aging in many higher income economies; and (6) population aging will likely push public debt, private assets, and perhaps productivity higher. Population change will have profound implications for national, regional, and global economies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Preferences for redistribution policies among politicians and citizens(London School of Economics and Political Science, 2025-11-04)This paper compares the “mental maps” of redistribution among politicians and citizens across seven parliaments, using original in-person surveys of sitting MPs and nationally representative citizen samples. Fairness beliefs and ideology are the strongest correlates of support for redistribution in both groups, while misperceptions of wealth concentration matter for citizens but much less for politicians. A central finding is that politicians hold markedly more polarized views on redistribution than citizens, including within the same party families. We also find systematic elite–voter gaps: left MPs are more supportive than their voters (notably on inheritance taxation), whereas right/liberal MPs are less supportive than theirs. These patterns point to a representation concern and a bargaining space among elites that is narrower than in the electorate.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ethnic differences and preference heterogeneity: assessing social pensions in Peru(Routledge, 2025-01-01)We examine the impact of the non-contributory social pension program (Pension 65) in Peru, highlighting its varying effects on the three main ethnic groups: Mestizo, Quechua, and Aymara. Notably, Aymara beneficiaries have experienced greater improvements in health outcomes compared to other Peruvians. To account for these ethnic differences when evaluating policy programs, it is essential to use a welfare criterion that reflects preference heterogeneity. We propose a natural criterion: a program benefits a recipient if it lifts them to a higher indifference curve. We contrast this approach with an alternative that uses self-reported subjective well-being to evaluate a policy program. Through a panel life satisfaction regression, we find evidence of preference heterogeneity between the Aymara and other ethnic groups, consistent with the observed differences. Lastly, we explore why, contrary to simple intuition, not all beneficiaries reach a higher indifference curve.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ageing unequally in Latin America(Springer, 2025)This paper studies active ageing and its distribution among older adults in a sample of 18 Latin American countries. For this purpose, a multidimensional index of active ageing is estimated for each individual, as well as its distribution in each country. This strategy makes it possible to measure inequalities in the ageing process, and also to consider different value judgements in the overall assessment of well-being during ageing. Thus, the study sheds light on discrepancies in the quality of ageing within and between countries. Furthermore, individual factors associated with the degree of inequality in active ageing are analysed by means of regressions using Gini re-centred influence functions. A higher proportion of people with secondary education and better access to water and sewerage services is found to be associated with reduced inequality in active ageing. Country-level variables — such as health expenditure, pension coverage, access to health care and the poverty rate among older people — are key in explaining between-country differences in active ageing.2