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Item type:Publication, Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss(Center for Open Science, 2022-12-04)While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2,400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available. The comprehensiveness of Grambank allows us to quantify the relative effects of genealogical inheritance and geographic proximity on the structural diversity of the world's languages, evaluate constraints on linguistic diversity, and identify the world's most unusual languages. An analysis of the consequences of language loss reveals that the reduction in diversity will be strikingly uneven across the major linguistic regions of the world. Without sustained efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages, our linguistic window into human history, cognition and culture will be seriously fragmented. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Grambank Reveals the Importance of Genealogical Constraints on Linguistic Diversity and Highlights the Impact of Language Loss(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023-04-21)While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here, we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available. The comprehensiveness of Grambank allows us to quantify the relative effects of genealogical inheritance and geographic proximity on the structural diversity of the world’s languages, evaluate constraints on linguistic diversity, and identify the world’s most unusual languages. An analysis of the consequences of language loss reveals that the reduction in diversity will be strikingly uneven across the major linguistic regions of the world. Without sustained efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages, our linguistic window into human history, cognition, and culture will be seriously fragmented. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Striking global similarities in dog–human interactions(Nature Portfolio, 2026-12-01)Most of our knowledge about the dog-human relationship comes from studies with dogs from 'WEIRD' (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Here, we investigate cultural differences in dog-owner interactions worldwide. To achieve this, we developed a test battery comprising six well-established social-cognitive experiments and a questionnaire that assessed the psychological and practical aspects of the dog-human bond. We tested hunting dogs alongside their owners in five rural societies across culturally diverse locations in various countries: Vanuatu, Mongolia, Madagascar, Peru, and Germany. Despite dramatic cultural and environmental differences, we found that dog-human relationships were remarkably similar. Residual differences may be attributed to variations in hunting techniques and differences between WEIRD and non-WEIRD societies.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Making up numbers in Pano languages: idiosyncratic and unconventional base-free quantification inventories in Amazonia(Royal Society, 2025-10-20)Amazonian languages typically exhibit very small numeral systems or lack numerals altogether. Increasing economic and cultural pressures, however, often motivate the emergence of more complex inventories for exact quantification. Headwaters Pano languages from Amazonia historically had two lexical items that can be rendered as the numerals 'one' and 'two'. We argue here, however, that they are not either etymologically or synchronically proper numerals (like the English ones are) and can be better glossed as 'single/one' (but also 'a few') and 'pair/two'. For larger quantities ('three' to 'ten'), speakers report idiosyncratic quantifying expressions based on different compositional strategies that recruit the lexical items for 'single/one', 'pair/two', but also 'hand' and, in some cases, other body-part expressions and motion verbs as well. We discuss these idiosyncratic quantifying expressions, showing that they do not present systematic and productive number bases; they exhibit unusual patterns of inter- and intra-speaker variability (i.e. they are poorly conventionalized); and they are rarely used in discourse. Based on these properties, we conclude that these quantifying expressions of Headwaters Pano languages are not numerals proper. We then explore the implications of these salient characteristics for the cross-cultural understanding of quantification and the emergence of numerical systems and the study of anumeric languages in Amazonia.This article is part of the theme issue 'A solid base for scaling up: the structure of numeration systems'.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Exploring Amazonian Cognitive Diversity at Chana Research Station(Wiley, 2026-01-01)The Chana Research Station for Language Sciences and Interculturality is a scientific initiative dedicated to exploring the linguistic, cultural, and cognitive diversity of the Peruvian Amazon. Building on long-standing local partnerships and collaborations, Chana facilitates research on cognition that extends beyond populations from industrialized democracies, traditionally overrepresented in behavioral sciences. Other populations-such as those in Amazonia-exhibit remarkable diversity. With this in mind, current Chana projects and collaborations encompass research on how Amazonian unique linguistic structures and culturally significant practices shape language processing and acquisition, as well as nonlinguistic cognition; studies on cognition focused on quantification practices in cultures with limited or unconventional numeral systems; and cross-cultural investigations of perception, building on prior research in other regions of the Amazon and the world. Beyond human cognition, the station has also supported experimental research on the relationship between domesticated dogs and their owners. Chana prioritizes inclusive and ethical research that benefits and includes local communities and their perspectives by engaging local and Indigenous researchers, and leading social and educational projects focused on cultural revitalization. Chana welcomes collaboration with researchers who are interested in advancing the understanding of Amazonian societies, languages, and knowledge systems.