3. Producción
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Item type:Publication, Human trafficking in the Andean region: Socio-spatial dynamics in the Peruvian borders(FLACSO Ecuador, 2020-09-01)La trata de personas es una actividad ilegal que afecta la dignidad y libertad de miles de personas, especialmente mujeres, sin embargo, es poco analizada y aún marginal en el debate público. El presente artículo explora las dinámicas socio-espaciales de la trata de personas en las fronteras del Perú con Ecuador y Bolivia en el período 2000-2014, para aportar en el análisis de la complejidad en la relación de la actividad ilegal y el territorio. El estudio se sustenta en revisión de prensa escrita, información estadística de instituciones estatales competentes en la materia y fuentes secundarias de organismos internacionales. Los principales hallazgos se presentan en dos niveles. Primero, se identifica tres tipos de trata de personas, en ambos espacios de frontera, con diferencias por el nivel de complejidad, desplazamiento y características de la actividad. Segundo, se muestra la frontera como lugar de porosidad más que de solidez convirtiéndose en sitio estratégico para la trata, dado que i) permite la configuración de circuitos, pasos y rutas; ii) incorpora la trata en la dinámica local; iii) incluye la migración como un eje de reproducción de la vulnerabilidad y iv) visibiliza las conexiones sistémicas del mercado ilegal a escala global. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The production of mobilities in the Peruvian–Chilean space during the closure of borders by COVID-19: A reading from everyday objects(Universidad Compultense Madrid, 2024-01-01)This article analyzes the situation of border mobility in the Peruvian-Chilean territory in the context of border closures due to COVID-19. Despite the official closing, popular understanding was that the border never was fully closed and that trucks, capital, commodities, grocery products, among other things, continued to make it across the border. Hence, to analyze the production of border mobility in the context of COVID-19, we suggest a more complex approach to the concept of mobility itself, as well as the adoption of alternative empirical approaches. In this piece the mobility turn and object tracking approaches are adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighty-six formal and informal economic actors on the Tacna border, from which we selected border economic actors from the health and food sectors. Among the main findings, the analytical possibilities of the mobility turn to study border mobility are corroborated, as well as the presence of the border-device as an element that engages in the production of mobilities beyond being considered only as a device that crosses between an origin and a destination. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, From urban informality to the speculative urban regime: A comparative analysis of three cities in Peru(Ministerio de Fomento, 2024-12-18)In this article we propose the concept of speculative urban regime to confront criticism of the concept of informality, and to describe the contemporary conditions of production of urban space in Peru since 2000. For this purpose, a comparative study of three areas of expansion in Arequipa, Lima and Tacna in Peru, and 91 semi-structured interviews were applied, as well as analysis of secondary and socio-spatial information. The results show that the modes of production of urban space in the three cities of Peru are based on the land dispute with fine speculations. The state apparatus, private companies, criminal networks and civil associations participate in this process in a synergistic manner and with social and legal agreements. The findings allow us to discuss the concept of “speculative urban regime” as a bid to explain the complexity of the power relations involved in the production of urban land on the margins of Peruvian cities. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Residential segregation in two cities in Peru's southern macro-region(Universidad del Bio Bio, 2024-05-01)Studies on residential segregation in Peru have privileged the study of the capital city, to the detriment of cities with other scales and contexts. This article analyzes the residential segregation levels and patterns in two Peruvian cities in the southern macro-region: Arequipa and Tacna. Based on data provided by the 2007 and 2017 censuses, synthetic and spatial segregation indicators were analyzed in both cities, taking as reference the educational level of the head of household and calculating the data on the block, census area, and district scales. The results show that inherited segregation patterns are maintained, while at the same time, the growing middle-class sectors are included in the more consolidated working-class settlements. In addition, processes that reinforce segregation were identified, such as the modification of the role of central areas, urban land production for the upper-class areas, and homogeneity of disadvantages in new areas of urban expansion, which are linked, particularly in the city of Arequipa, to the occupation of risk areas. The study suggests that these processes shape a low-scale urban segregation or fragmentation pattern in both cities, which coexists with inherited patterns. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Woman traders and cross-border circuits: Articulations between care and mobility on the borders of Peru, Bolivia and Chile(Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, 2024-01-01)Cross-border trade is predominantly conducted by women, and involves the movement and articulation of extensive networks for the circulation (formal or not) of products. Engaging with the perspectives of mobility and gender in border studies, this article examines the configuration of cross-border circuits of women traders. The article demonstrates how commercial activities and caregiving are intertwined in these circuits and discusses this overlap through four socio-spatial arrangements: home, places of sale, border crossing and supply locations. The research is based in two Peruvian cities with border conditions—Tacna (bordering Chile) and Puno (bordering Bolivia)—and involved 62 semi-structured interviews with women engaged in various commercial activities in 2022-2023, primarily second-hand clothing and groceries. These activities are part of a global chain of merchandise circulation that closely links the three countries (Bolivia, Chile, and Peru). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Border closure and COVID-19: Impact on the lodging and restaurant business in Tacna (Perú)(Universidad de Tarapaca, 2024-01-01)The COVID-19 pandemic caused the stoppage of the movement of people globally, a situation that especially affected tourism as an economic activity. This article addresses the impact of the closure of the Peruvian-Chilean border during the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and gastronomic sector of Tacna. Through a qualitative methodology that included a bibliographic review, economic data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with hotel and restaurant owners and managers, we investigated the problems they had to face during the pandemic and the strategies to overcome them. The findings indicate that until March 2020 both items experienced strong growth within the framework of cross-border practices from Chileans to Tacna, within which enjoying Peruvian food was one of the main attractions. The pandemic forced small hotels and restaurants to deploy strategies such as layoffs and the provision of family labor to overcome the crisis and convert to delivery food. The largest and most formalized companies accessed subsidies and support from the state and in other cases, the reconversion was hand in hand with agreements with mining companies to house workers while the health emergency lasted. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Metropolitan Centralities of Lima (Peru) as an Inhabited Space: A Qualitative Approach(Universidad de Chile, 2023-01-01)Studies on centralities in recent decades in Latin America have privileged the analysis of the urban structure and have paid little attention to the analysis of the inhabited space. This, in turn, requires greater attention, especially in the temporal and spatial dimensions of practices. This article proposes to overcome these limitations through comparative analysis, taking as case studies two of the main metropolitan-scale centralities in Lima (Peru): The commercial area of Mesa Redonda, and Mercado Central, located in the historical center of the city, with high diversity of activities where formal and informal commercial activities predominate; and 2) the financial center of San Isidro, located in a high-income district of the city. The methodology consisted of intensive and multidisciplinary qualitative fieldwork. The article demonstrates how inadequacies are configured in everyday life in the two centralities from the temporal and spatial relationship between practices and the built environment. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Urbanización y medioambiente: claves para el debate desde América Latina(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-11-24)In a global context of generalized urbanization, Latin America is characterized by its high rate of urban population, persistent inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. This article offers a panoramic introduction to the relationship between urbanization and environment, emphasizing the importance of expanding and giving greater attention to this agenda within urban studies. The topics discussed do not exhaust the field, but rather suggest possible research pathways. Moreover, the text helps situate the studies included in this issue of the journal.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Real Estate Dynamics on the Margins: Land Traffickers as Promoters of Urban Land (Peru)(Universidad de Chile, 2025-01-01)Desde mediados del siglo XX, en el Perú se reconoció la importancia de las organizaciones sociales territoriales y modalidades de invasión en la urbanización popular. Sin embargo, en el siglo XXI, se han modificado las condiciones de producción de nuevo suelo urbano, predominando lógicas mercantiles y especulativas del suelo. En este contexto, el tráfico de tierras adquiere mayor importancia. El artículo presenta resultados de un estudio en tres áreas de expansión urbana reciente (2000-2022) en las ciudades de Lima, Arequipa y Tacna, donde se realizaron 91 entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave, revisión documental y geoespacial. Los hallazgos ofrecen una explicación sobre cómo distintos actores (asociaciones, dirigentes, residentes y compradores no residentes) se vinculan con las nuevas condiciones de mercantilización y especulación de suelo. Además, proponemos que los traficantes de tierras son redes amplias y heterogéneas que buscan apropiarse, acaparar y especular con el suelo. Lo que hacen promoviendo distintas formas de coordinación social y territorial, así como lógicas de legitimidad en un contexto donde los lotes son para cubrir necesidades, pero también formas de ahorro e inversión futura. El tráfico de tierras es una dinámica heterogénea que se configura como intermediario ambivalente de un nuevo modelo de urbanización altamente precario, vulnerable, y que usa la violencia.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Public spaces in the financial centrality of Lima: between inclusion image and quotidian inequality(Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2025-07-01)El trabajo discute las características y efectos de los proyectos de intervención viaria y colocación de nuevos mobiliarios en los espacios públicos de zonas financieras que adopta discursos de inclusión y sostenibilidad bajo un enfoque neoliberal. Para ello se analizan los espacios públicos como espacios habitados en la centralidad financiera de San Isidro en Lima, observando cómo las lógicas del orden urbano impuestas por el gobierno local no sólo obedecen a intereses de la inversión inmobiliaria, sino que se superponen con la capacidad de presión de residentes de alta renta. Como resultado, pese a los rediseños del espacio urbano, el espacio público escenifica la recreación de viejas desigualdades sociales, donde los vendedores de calle son los principales objetivos de control y represión, los cuales aprenden a negociar su presencia, -muy demandada por los oficinistas-, sabiendo circular constantemente por las calles del lugar. En cambio, los oficinistas, de otra posición social, son aceptados a la vez que se demanda una importante presencia de actores públicos como guardianes del orden desigual establecido.1