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Item type:Publication, Evidence of validity and reliability of the controlling motivational style questionnaire in the work context(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-02-15)According to the self-determination theory (SDT), leaders may adopt a controlling motivational controlling style (CMS) that forces employees to think, feel, or behave in a certain way to promote employee motivation. However, a scale has yet to be developed to measure CMS in the work environment. Usually, researchers use questionnaires adapted to different contexts or designed for another motivational style. However, whether these questionnaires capture the behaviors that represent CMS in the work context is little known. This research aimed to elaborate on and analyze the validity and reliability of the questionnaire on Controlling Motivational Style at Work (CMS-W). The study was based on a literature review of the types of controlling behaviors and a review of questionnaires used by SDT researchers who assessed the controlling motivational style in different contexts. A Peruvian sample of 1100 public sector employees participated. The results show that the short and encompassing CMS-W-11 has a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices: Robust RMSEA = 0.071 with 90 % CI from 0.064 to 0.078; Robust CFI = 0.975; Robust TLI = 0.969; SRMR = 0.025 and good reliability coefficients: Ω = 0.930 and AVE 0.630. Furthermore, it shows convergent validity with controlled motivation (r = 0.260, p < .001) and discriminant validity with autonomous motivation (r = −0.270, p < .001). Moreover, the invariance of the gender category was tested. The fit indices were adequate, and the comparative results between the models were also satisfactory. In addition, the behaviors of the CMS in a work context are conditional negative regard, judging and devaluing, control through objectives, intimidation, and intrusive authority. Therefore, labor organizations will have the CMS-W validated and tested in a work context to evaluate the CMS of leaders and study how it related to the motivation of human capital and organizational objectives. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Variations in Need Supports in Education as a Function of Cultural and Economic Factors: Perspectives from Self-Determination Theory(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025-12-01)Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits that the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are universally essential to high-quality motivation and wellness in educational settings. A strong focus of SDT has been on the affordances and obstacles to supporting these basic needs, which can vary considerably between classrooms, schools, school systems, and cultures. In this review, we briefly review the evidence for SDT’s “universality without uniformity” claims, showing that the importance of these three basic psychological needs for student well-being and academic functioning is empirically well established across cultures. However, examining variability, our discussion focuses on how economic, societal, and cultural factors may impact parent and teacher practices and educational policies, affecting the extent to which learners’ basic needs are supported. Illustrating this, we describe the ways in which SDT has been received or applied in 10 different societal-cultural contexts. These observations suggest that as yet few countries have enacted educational policies with students’ basic needs in the forefront. Many instead emphasize practices and policies with little supportive evidence, such as pervasive grading, a focus on high-stakes testing, and limited content choice, factors that can lead to basic need frustration and disengagement for students and educators. Cultural ideologies can also create a bias against a focus on flourishing for all, and economic factors often limit teachers’ access to training and resources. Yet, some educational systems have incorporated SDT principles, and we identify factors that have contributed to this. We conclude by calling for a stronger focus on supporting learners’ basic psychological needs as part of both teacher training and educational policies.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, An Autonomy-Supportive Teaching Intervention Benefits Students in a Low-SES School Setting(Taylor & Francis, 2025-01-01)We conducted the first autonomy-supportive teaching intervention in a low SES school setting. We hypothesized that the teacher-focused intervention would increase students' psychological need satisfaction and classroom engagement—just as it has been demonstrated to do in previous interventions conducted in more advantaged schools. We randomly assigned 28 Peruvian teachers who taught 14 different subjects (e.g., math) in grades 7–11 in a very low SES school district to participate or not in the autonomy-supportive teaching workshop (i.e., experimental vs. control condition). Their 672 students (332 females, 339 males) self-reported their perceived teacher support, need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, relatedness), and classroom engagement at the beginning, middle, and end of a semester. A structural equation modeling analysis showed that the hypothesized model fit the data well, and that experimental condition predicted students' T2 need satisfaction, T2 need satisfaction predicted students' T3 classroom engagement, and T2 need satisfaction mediated the effect that experimental condition had on T3 classroom engagement. These findings show that an autonomy-supportive teaching intervention can work in a low-SES setting and not just in socioeconomically advantaged schools.1