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Item type:Publication, Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Ventilation System Based on Cams(Preprints.org, 2020-12-17)A mechanical ventilation system is a big support for breathing complications, in which an external solution is quite necessary to keep oxygen compensation in the patients. Its knowledge is well widespread and different equipment has been developed. However, they are very expensive and their quantity in medical centers is not sufficient, especially in Peru. Hence, it has been required to develop new methods to provide oxygen by a low cost equipment; Protofy, a research group from Spain, designed one of the first low cost mechanical ventilation systems which was medically validated by its government. In this sense, a redesign of the mechanical ventilation system was carried out according to the local requirements and available technology, a different airbag resuscitator with different properties and geometry, but maintaining its working concept based on a cam compression mechanism. Sensors and a display were added to improve the performance with a control algorithm for the rotation frequency and to show the ventilation curves over time to the medical staff. It was necessary to develop a mathematical model to relate the behavior between ventilation curves for a patient and physical variables of the design, especially in the epidemic COVID 19, that many countries are dealing with at the time research is being conducted. The mechanical ventilation system was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is assured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can predict satisfactorily the ventilation curves over time and was used to provide the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the rotation angle measured by sensors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Design and analysis of an automatic shell cracking machine of metohuayo (“Caryodendron orinocense Karst”) with a capacity of 50 kg/h(MDPI, 2020-11-01)This article presents the design and analysis of an automatic shell broken machine of seeds of Metohuayo (“Caryodendron orinocense Karst”) with a production capacity of 50 kg/h, considering manufacturing and maintenance of local facilities. Metohuayo is the fruit of a tree that grows in various jungle areas of Perú, and the Metohuayo oil is very requested because of its nutritional properties. Starting with these specifications, the design was developed according to the systematic approach established by the VDI-2221 standard, with seven basic steps to analyze the optimum design. Once the definitive project was reached and the commercial components were selected, finite element simulations were performed to analyze the strength of the shell broken system and to evaluate the strength and the dynamic response of the structural support of the machine components. Additionally, complementary experimental studies were performed, such as the analysis of the required force to break the shell or the measurement of their dimensions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A low-cost air flow sensor/transducer for medical applications: design and experimental characterization(Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2021-01-20)Mechanical ventilation systems, which are used for breathing support when a person is not able to do it by their own, requires a device for measuring the air flow to the patient in order to monitoring and a assure the magnitude establish by a medical staff. Flow sensors are the conventional devices used for the air flow measuring; however, there were not available in Peru, because of the international demand during COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, a novel air flow sensor based on orifice plate and an intelligent transducer stage were developed as an integrated design. Advanced methodologies in simulations and experiments using specially designed equipment for this application were carried out. The obtained data was used for a mathematical characterization and dimensions validation of the integrated design. The device was tested in its real working conditions, it was implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system based on cams. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators able to provide satisfactorily all the ventilation parameters air flow, pressure and volume over time by measuring the air flow and calculating the others. Furthermore, this device provides directly a filtered equivalent electrical signal for a display or a computer. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A review of the t-stub components for the analysis of bolted moment joints(MDPI, 2021-11-02)The analytical method for the calculation of the properties of a bolted joint established by the structural Eurocodes proposes the T-stub as a component for the characterization of the tension and compression zones in moment joints. In this article, a review of the state of the art on the T-stub component is developed, where the works developed since it was initially defined, and from the perspectives of formulation, experimentation and numerical simulation are summarized and discussed. Additionally, possible future lines of work are proposed. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Experimental behavior of a full-scale housing section built with cold-formed steel shear wall panels under horizontal monotonic and cyclic loading(MDPI, 2021-11-01)This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of the cold- formed steel shear wall panel (CFSSWP) with fibrocement panels as sheathing, when it is subjected in-plane shear deformations and flexural deformation under perpendicular monotonically increasing horizontal loads on the longest plane. A full-scale housing section was built with three walls and a ceiling using commonly used construction details in El Salvador. The strength and stiffness of the experimental specimen tested overcame significantly critical demand imposed by the technical design standards in this country. Additionally, a simplified finite element model was defined with the objective to analyze stresses in the components. The results of the numerical model were similar to the experimental model tested. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer (ST) based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)(MDPI, 2022-07-01)Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru.