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Author: search.filters.author.José Carlos Silva Macher

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    Applying the multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM) to characterize the society-agriculture-forest system: The case of Huayopata, Cuzco (Peru)
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2022-06-11)
    The divergence between the disappearance of primary forests and the appearance of secondary forests indicates a set of circumstances that simultaneously converge in what we called the society-agriculture-forest complex. Such circumstances vary between places and over time and are associated with internal factors-factors originating within the reference system-and external factors-factors originating outside the borders of the reference system-restrict the use of standard strategies for any reality. We present a quantitative model that helps to understand the relationships of the society-agriculture-forest complex as a whole. This comprehensive understanding will allow a clearer discussion of the positive and negative consequences of prioritizing actions on any of the system components. Our model establishes a set of quantitative relationships among: (i) the requirements of food and timber products for society to maintain its structure and functionality, (ii) the level of openness of the society with respect to other societies for the exchange of resources, and (iii) the interface between the economic productive systems and the ecological productive systems. To test the model, the case of Huayopata (Peru) was studied. Findings suggest that the abandonment of agricultural production and, particularly, of tea favors the appearance of secondary forests. However, projects by the Congress of Peru to reactivate the production of tea without adequate technological support to improve the current processes that use firewood for boilers would put the forestry system at risk. In addition, a potential worker 'pull factor' could reconfigure the food system and impact on the local agricultural sector. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-022-02457-6.
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    Flow/Fund Theory and Rural Livelihoods
    (Springer International Publishing, 2023-01-01)
    The concept of social metabolism and its relation with ecological distribution conflicts is a key theme in the work of Joan Martinez-Alier and the Barcelona school. It creates a bridge between the fields of ecological economics and political ecology. Following Georgescu-Roegen’s fund-flow theory of economic production, the present chapter has the objective to illustrate with a case study at the commodity frontier of the Andes-Amazon region in Peru, the relation between material flows and ecological distribution conflicts. The systemic and participatory approaches we have adopted can facilitate the prevention of social conflicts. Decision-makers should be aware of different perspectives hold by diverse social groups and their relation with the biophysical reality, and acknowledging them as part of social metabolism studies.