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Author: search.filters.author.Joan Sanchez‐MatosSubject: search.filters.subject.Peru

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    Are Peruvians moving toward healthier diets with lower environmental burden? Household consumption trends for the period 2008–2021
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-10-01)
    Peru is one of the most diverse countries in the world in terms of food production, but also suffers a wide range of food security challenges, including malnutrition, the impact of natural hazards, and rising food prices. People living in poverty conditions are the main victims of these problems, which trigger undernutrition, obesity, and diet-related non-transmittable diseases. Despite these challenges, Peru lacks historical food intake data. Therefore, in the current study, we assess the diet quality evolution in the period 2008–2021 based on apparent household purchases extracted from the National Household Survey. The results reveal significant variations in the consumption of certain food items and groups, and the consequences of these changes are discussed in environmental and human health terms. The consumption of lower environmental impact animal protein, such as chicken, eggs, and marine fish, has increased by 37%, 69%, and 29%, respectively; whereas the consumption of high environmental impact foods, such as beef and other red meat, has decreased. Moreover, consumption of less processed carbohydrate sources (e.g., legumes, fruits, and vegetables) has risen, while refined sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages have decreased significantly (almost 45%). Regional differences were also visible; hence, cities on the Northern coast and the Amazon basin had similar consumption habits, whereas Central/Southern coastal and Andean cities had closer consumption patterns. On average, this improvement was reflected in the increase in calories (9.9%) and macronutrient intake (up to 15%), but at the socioeconomic level, food inequality persists, with consumption of many food groups below minimum thresholds in lower socioeconomic strata. This article met the requirements for a gold/gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
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    Revising Regionalized Water Scarcity Characterization Factors for Selected Watersheds Along the Hyper-Arid Peruvian Coast Using the AWARE Method
    (Springer, 2023-11-01)
    The Peruvian coast is known for its low water availability and high water demand, which is mainly satisfied by groundwater sources. The current study develops regionalized water scarcity characterization factors (CFs) based on the available water remaining (AWARE) method for eight selected watersheds located along the hyper-arid Peruvian coast. Furthermore, the paper proposes water scarcity CFs for groundwater in six watersheds, which are not available in current methods. Methods: The regionalization of water scarcity CFs along the Peruvian coast was based on the following: (i) national delineation of hydrological units (HUs), (b) use of primary data on water availability and demand provided by official water balance reports and national databases, (c) use of the ecological flow values recommended by national authorities, and (d) proposal of specific water scarcity CFs for groundwater. Moreover, the results of the updated CFs were compared to those from the original CFs from AWARE. A sensitivity analysis, including recalculated CFs based on future climate change scenarios, was also provided. Thereafter, water scarcity impacts for grape and avocado production available in the scientific literature were recalculated based on previous studies with the new CFs. Results and discussion: Results revealed significant differences between updated and original water scarcity CFs in both geographical and temporal (i.e., monthly) terms. Hence, updated CFs showed that all watersheds selected experience high levels of water scarcity, especially from June to October, a more realistic scenario than that showed with original water scarcity CFs when confronted to water availability values. Meanwhile, water scarcity CFs for groundwater showed intense pressure all year round for the three main sources of groundwater (i.e., Chillon, Rimac, and Lurin aquifers) that provide water to the city of Lima, whereas only one groundwater watershed showed low water scarcity (i.e., Mala-Omas aquifer). Conclusions: Updated water scarcity CFs provide a watershed-based quantification of water scarcity in the hyper-arid Peruvian coast, which we consider more realistic as compared to the original CFs. Moreover, the water scarcity CFs proposed for groundwater allow estimating the pressure over aquifers in a higher level of disaggregation, which can be used to monitor the overexploitation of groundwater sources in an area that is highly dependent on these water sources.