3. Producción
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Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Tercera parte: Capítulo 8(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The third part, which consists of four chapters, presents the Mundell-Fleming model; the model of aggregate supply and demand; expectations and contracts as determinants of aggregate supply; the Phillips curve, and the model incorporating the Monetary Policy Reaction Function. The development of Mundell Fleming model is the main content of the eighth chapter. This model explains the conditions that allow the simultaneous achievement of internal and external equilibrium. To this end, the chapter includes some key concepts and identities to understand the functioning of an open economy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Segunda parte: Capítulo 7(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The seventh chapter presents the IS-LM model of simultaneous equilibrium in the goods and services market and the money market. IS-LM model determines the Aggregate Demand and, consequently, the level of output and employment, under the assumption of fixed prices or infinitely elastic Aggregate Supply. Then, it analyzes the effects of fiscal and monetary policies in the simultaneous equilibrium in both markets. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Tercera parte: Capítulo 11(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The third part, which consists of four chapters, presents the Mundell-Fleming model; the model of aggregate supply and demand; expectations and contracts as determinants of aggregate supply; the Phillips curve, and the model incorporating the Monetary Policy Reaction Function. This chapter studies the inverse relationship between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment well-known as the Phillips Curve. Then, it analyses the short-term equilibrium between inflation, output and unemployment; and by including the Monetary Policy Rule (or Taylor rule) into the IS curve, the chapter describes the meaning of the reaction function of the monetary policy. Finally, it studies the equilibrium, starting from simultaneous analysis of the Phillips Curve and this reaction function. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Cuarta parte: Capítulos 12, 13 y 14(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The fourth part, which consists of three chapters (12, 13 and 14), deals with macroeconomic policy in a full employment context. It analyses the labor market and its relationship with Aggregate Supply; then it presents the IS-LM model including this relation; and investment-saving relation in a full employment context. The twelfth chapter develops the link between employment and output in a flexible price economy, by studying the labor market and the production function. The thirteenth chapter presents the complete IS-LM model. This is the neoclassical synthesis model with flexible prices and full employment. It incorporates the neoclassical production function and the equations of supply and demand for labor. The fourteenth chapter examines the income-expenditure equilibrium in the (neo) classical model with flexible prices, and the investment-saving equilibrium for an open economy. It also emphasizes the importance of the role played by the interest rate in a model where the aggregate levels of expenditure and output don’t change, due to the full employment assumption. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Quinta parte: Capítulos 15, 16 y 17(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The fifth part, which consists of three chapters (15, 16 y 17), presents an introduction to the theory of economic growth. The fifteenth chapter presents a brief history of economic growth theory. Then, it analyzes the factors that determine the long-term behavior of aggregate and per capita output, and the main concepts of the theory of economic growth. The sixteenth chapter analyzes the Keynesian Harrod-Domar growth model and the neoclassical Solow growth model. These models were developed between the late thirties and the second half of the twentieth century. Both models assume the existence of dynamic long run equilibrium between savings and investment. The seventeenth chapter is an introduction to the theory of endogenous growth. In neoclassical growth models the growth of per capita output is explained by exogenous technological progress. The endogenous growth theory replaces the fundamental assumptions of the neoclassical growth theory to reach different conclusions and policy proposals. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Tercera parte: Capítulos 9 y 10(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The third part, which consists of four chapters, presents the Mundell-Fleming model; the model of aggregate supply and demand; expectations and contracts as determinants of aggregate supply; the Phillips curve, and the model incorporating the Monetary Policy Reaction Function. The ninth chapter analyses the determination of production in the medium term. Based on the equilibrium in the markets of goods and money, it adds an Aggregate Supply curve to the analysis of Aggregate Demand in an open economy with free capital mobility. The tenth chapter is a review of both the short and the long term, and of the differences of the economic policy effects in both time horizons. It also includes the concept of expectations in economic as a foundation of a new short term positively sloped Aggregate Supply curve. Finally, the chapter presents the contractions and expansions of output gaps, and the transition from short to long term equilibrium. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Segunda parte: Capítulo 6(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The sixth chapter introduces the concept of money and its functions, as well as supply for money, demand for money and equilibrium in money market. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Primera parte: Capítulos 1 al 4(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)This is the first part of the book. It consists of four chapters which contain a brief history of macroeconomics, the basic concepts of national accounts, the circular flow of the economy, and other concepts related to an open economy. The classical economists, Smith and Ricardo, are considered the founders of macroeconomic since they were the first in studying the behavior of the economy as a whole: the causes and limits of economic growth. The second chapter develops the macroeconomic concepts that will be necessary to understand the remaining parts of the book. It explains the different types of economic variables and economic goods, the interest rate and the value of money over time, unemployment and inflation. The third chapter presents the basic concepts of national accounts and the circular flow of the income. It develops three different methods of measuring GDP and other key concepts related to it. The fourth chapter develops concepts such as Balance of Payments and the exchange rate, and others necessary to understand the functioning of an open economy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Segunda parte: Capítulo 5(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The second part, which consists of three chapters, shows the Keynesian income-expenditure model, the money market and the IS-LM model. The fifth chapter presents the components of aggregate expenditure or Demand, and develops a model of income determination in the short term. Then, it studies the effects of fiscal policy on income. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Macroeconomía Keynesiana de la determinación de los niveles de producción y empleo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1999)Different keynesian models of output and employment determination are examined in this essay: from simple keynesian model to models with social classes and two and three economic sectors. The last ones belong to Kalecki, Kaldor, Pasinetti and Nell. In all of these models the principle of effective demand is corroborated: if there is a local producer sector of capital goods, investment creates its own saving through the multiplier. Capitalists get what they spend while workers spend what they get. Several basic concepts are analyzed in this essay: aggregate demand and aggregate supply, different approaches to consumption, the marginal efficiency of capital, Tobin´s q, acceleration principle, and cycles related to the accelerator and the multiplier.