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Item type:Publication, Ageing unequally in Europe(Oxford University Press, 2020-09-11)Abstract To shed light on the quality of the ageing experience in Europe and its heterogeneity, this study adapts and computes the Active Ageing Index—an index constructed at the country level to monitor ageing quality in Europe—at the individual level. This strategy allows the measuring of inequality in the experience of active ageing and is flexible enough to consider different value judgements in the overall assessment of the quality of life while ageing. The study examines the predictors of this inequality by using regressions with a Gini-recentred influence function. It finds that education plays a very significant role in reducing inequality, though its influence varies across countries. Furthermore, the study uncovers large variance in the quality of the ageing experience across Europe. For instance, more than 50% of the populations of Romania, Lithuania and Bulgaria show a level of active ageing quality lower than that of the bottom decile of the distribution in Sweden. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Choice of pension management fees and effects on pension wealth(Elsevier, 2020-08-01)To shed light on the effects of individual choice on pension wealth, we study a policy change to the management fees of pension funds implemented by Peru's government in 2013. The reform established a new balance fee as a default option; this fee is calculated as a percentage of the pension balance. Each individual had the initial option of keeping the previous management fee, a load factor fee calculated as a percentage of the individual's salary. We use administrative data to simulate pension balances based on the individual's choice of fee and the corresponding counterfactual. Our results indicate that the reform has been potentially adverse to 63.1% of individuals, of whom 41.4% were assigned to the default option and 21.7% voluntarily chose the load fee. These results reflect both the potentially negative unintended effects of the policy and an alarming lack of financial literacy among citizens. We also detect heterogeneity in the intensity of the losses and gains due to the reform, which caused greater losses than gains. In particular, younger and poorer individuals, as well as those automatically assigned to the balance fee, experienced higher losses. Moreover, the new fee scheme is also associated with increasing inequality between individuals’ pension wealth. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Preferences for redistribution and exposure to tax-benefit schemes in Europe(Elsevier, 2020-06-01)This paper provides evidence that attitudes towards redistribution are associated with the extent of generosity of the redistributive context experienced by the individual, as measured by the likelihood of receiving positive benefit transfers net of fiscal contribution. We estimate reduced form tax-benefit equations with the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), and match the implied parameters to the respondents of the European Social Survey (ESS) on the basis of their characteristics. The period of analysis is 2008–2016. For identification, we exploit exogenous cross-country and time variation in tax rules and market income to disentangle implications of exposure to tax-benefit rules on preferences for redistribution from the effects of changes in income inequality. We find that exposure to positive net benefits increases support for redistribution by 1.4%–3% on baseline models, the effect being robust across a variety of specifications. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Public support for tax policies in COVID-19 times: evidence from Luxembourg(Springer, 2022-12-01)We study attitudes towards the introduction of hypothetical new taxes to finance the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic. We rely on survey data collected in Luxembourg in 2020. The survey asks for the agreement of respondents over: a one-time net wealth tax, an inheritance tax, a temporary solidarity income tax, and a temporary increase in VAT. All questions include different and randomly assigned tax attributes (tax rates and exemption amounts). We find a clear divide with relatively high support for new wealth and inheritance taxes on the one hand and a low support for increases in VAT and income taxes on the other hand. While 58% of respondents agree or strongly agree with a one-time tax levied on net worth, only 24% are in favor of a small increase in VAT. Support for any tax is however negatively associated with the size of the tax as measured by the predicted revenues. Our results indicate that a one-time wealth tax could raise substantial revenues and still garner public support. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The effects of social pensions on nutrition-related health outcomes of the poor: Quasi-experimental evidence from Peru(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024-05-01)This paper exploits the discontinuity around a welfare index of eligibility to assess the impact of Peru's social pension program Pension 65 on nutrition-related health outcomes among elderly poor individuals. Overall, we find evidence of how a relatively inexpensive program can produce improvements in anemia and nutrition-related mortality risk markers. The effects appear to be driven by plausible underlying mechanisms, including via improved nutritional quality as well as greater food expenditures and healthcare utilization. These positive effects are only modestly countered by tentative signs of an increased obesity risk among women in the short term (<2 years), but not beyond this term. As the program evolves further, policymakers need to confront the challenge of continuing to ensure the health benefits in terms of reducing nutritional deficits while avoiding potential undesirable side effects in terms of over-nutrition in Peru. The findings may serve to highlight the wider benefits of similar pension policies for the poor also in other middle income countries, well beyond the immediate economic welfare effects that the policies have primarily been designed for. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The role of information in eliciting support for inheritance taxation(London School of Economics and Political Science, 2024-12-04)This paper uses a survey experiment embedded in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) for Luxembourg – a representative sample of the population aged 50 and above in the country – to show how provision of information influences elicited support for inheritance taxation. While support is low in generic, direct questions about inheritance taxation, support increases when respondents are asked to express views about linear tax rates with explicit tax exemption thresholds and when information is provided about how tax revenues will be used – especially if respondents are told revenues will be used to improve the quality of basic education. This information effect plays even in our setting in which the focus is on inheritances from parents to children. It is only relevant however for respondents who were initially opposed to the tax and does not affect strongly the proponents. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Long-Term Scars of Peru’s COVID-19 Policy Response on Pension Security(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-08-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A Distributive Analysis Using Peru's National Transfer Accounts(Elsevier B.V., 2023-10-01)National Transfer Accounts (NTAs) provide insights into the effects of ageing on various forms of intergenerational transfers. When these accounts are disaggregated by socioeconomic status (SES) and calculated for at least two different time periods, they offer a powerful tool for understanding changes in economic inequality across age groups and over time. This paper illustrates the application of some standard distributional analysis tools using NTAs, specifically focusing on the case of Peru for 2007 and 2019. The main findings suggest that younger individuals have been the relative “winners” from Peru's sustained economic growth over the past two decades. Additionally, the equalizing power of tertiary education has increased during this period, i.e., a greater prevalence of tertiary education reduces inequality. However, a concerning observation is the deterioration of living conditions among older and less educated individuals. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ideological polarization on anthropogenic climate change is stronger among politicians than among citizens across eight countries(2026-07-14)Despite scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change, political orientation is often associated with climate beliefs, and such polarization may hinder mitigation efforts. Yet, few studies directly compare politicians' climate beliefs with those of citizens. Here, we used a large cross-national sample of politicians ( N = 714) and citizens ( N = 18,281) to explore how political orientation predicts climate beliefs and policy support in Australia, Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia), the Czech Republic, Germany, Israel, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Norway. Our results show that right-leaning politicians and citizens express weaker beliefs in anthropogenic climate change than left-leaning individuals. Ideological polarization is substantially stronger among politicians. Notably, right-leaning politicians are even less convinced about climate change than their own voters. These ideological divides are reflected in policy preferences: in both groups, belief in anthropogenic climate change statistically mediates the association between political orientation and support for mitigation policies, with markedly stronger mediation among politicians. Together, the results suggest that ideological gaps in climate beliefs, especially among politicians, may contribute to polarization in support for mitigation measures.