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Item type:Publication, Design and analysis of a mechanical ventilation system based on cams(Elsevier, 2021-10-01)Low-cost mechanical ventilators have been developed in order to deal with the shortage of traditional ventilators whose quantity is not sufficient in an emergency context in Perú. Protofy, a company from Spain, designed one of the first low-cost mechanical ventilation systems OxyGEN which was approved by a medicine agency in its country in special context of COVID 19. Therefore, as main of this article, a redesign of this system named OxygenIP.PE was carried out according to local requirements and available technology, but maintaining its working concept based on compression mechanism by cams. Sensors were added and a control algorithm of the respiratory rate was developed. Ventilation curves monitoring over time was implemented; in this sense, a mathematical model of the whole system was developed. OxygenIP.PE was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is ensured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can satisfactorily determine the ventilation curves over time and is used to show the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the compression arm's angular position and differential pressure through the breathing circuit measurement, furthermore the algorithms designed as a consequence of the mathematical model were implemented for Raspberry and ARDUINO microcontrollers. There were obtained parameters of pressure 10–65 cmH2O, airflow 50–65 l/m, volume 0–0.5 l, at two values of beat per minute (BPM) 15 and 25. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer (ST) based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)(MDPI, 2022-07-01)Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru.