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Item type:Publication, Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Ventilation System Based on Cams(Preprints.org, 2020-12-17)A mechanical ventilation system is a big support for breathing complications, in which an external solution is quite necessary to keep oxygen compensation in the patients. Its knowledge is well widespread and different equipment has been developed. However, they are very expensive and their quantity in medical centers is not sufficient, especially in Peru. Hence, it has been required to develop new methods to provide oxygen by a low cost equipment; Protofy, a research group from Spain, designed one of the first low cost mechanical ventilation systems which was medically validated by its government. In this sense, a redesign of the mechanical ventilation system was carried out according to the local requirements and available technology, a different airbag resuscitator with different properties and geometry, but maintaining its working concept based on a cam compression mechanism. Sensors and a display were added to improve the performance with a control algorithm for the rotation frequency and to show the ventilation curves over time to the medical staff. It was necessary to develop a mathematical model to relate the behavior between ventilation curves for a patient and physical variables of the design, especially in the epidemic COVID 19, that many countries are dealing with at the time research is being conducted. The mechanical ventilation system was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is assured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can predict satisfactorily the ventilation curves over time and was used to provide the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the rotation angle measured by sensors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A low-cost air flow sensor/transducer for medical applications: design and experimental characterization(Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2021-01-20)Mechanical ventilation systems, which are used for breathing support when a person is not able to do it by their own, requires a device for measuring the air flow to the patient in order to monitoring and a assure the magnitude establish by a medical staff. Flow sensors are the conventional devices used for the air flow measuring; however, there were not available in Peru, because of the international demand during COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, a novel air flow sensor based on orifice plate and an intelligent transducer stage were developed as an integrated design. Advanced methodologies in simulations and experiments using specially designed equipment for this application were carried out. The obtained data was used for a mathematical characterization and dimensions validation of the integrated design. The device was tested in its real working conditions, it was implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system based on cams. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators able to provide satisfactorily all the ventilation parameters air flow, pressure and volume over time by measuring the air flow and calculating the others. Furthermore, this device provides directly a filtered equivalent electrical signal for a display or a computer. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Design and analysis of a mechanical ventilation system based on cams(Elsevier, 2021-10-01)Low-cost mechanical ventilators have been developed in order to deal with the shortage of traditional ventilators whose quantity is not sufficient in an emergency context in Perú. Protofy, a company from Spain, designed one of the first low-cost mechanical ventilation systems OxyGEN which was approved by a medicine agency in its country in special context of COVID 19. Therefore, as main of this article, a redesign of this system named OxygenIP.PE was carried out according to local requirements and available technology, but maintaining its working concept based on compression mechanism by cams. Sensors were added and a control algorithm of the respiratory rate was developed. Ventilation curves monitoring over time was implemented; in this sense, a mathematical model of the whole system was developed. OxygenIP.PE was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is ensured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can satisfactorily determine the ventilation curves over time and is used to show the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the compression arm's angular position and differential pressure through the breathing circuit measurement, furthermore the algorithms designed as a consequence of the mathematical model were implemented for Raspberry and ARDUINO microcontrollers. There were obtained parameters of pressure 10–65 cmH2O, airflow 50–65 l/m, volume 0–0.5 l, at two values of beat per minute (BPM) 15 and 25. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mechanical design of a cleaning machine for vicuña fiber of 5 kg/h(South Florida Publishing LLC, 2022-02-11)The vicuña is considered a national heritage of Peru and has the finest animal fiber in the world (12 μm of diameter). According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), Peru is the first producer of vicuña fiber in the world (68.1 %) followed by Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and Ecuador (Mincetur,2010). The washing process consists of immersing the fiber into an aqueous medium formed by hot water (40-60°C) and detergents that, through gentle mechanical movements, eliminates the fiber impurities (grease, suintin, dust, dirt, etc.). In Peru thousands of peasant communities in charge of the exploitation of this product, commercialize the untreated fiber, without removing impurities In this work, a small washing equipment has been designed, according to the production capacity of Peruvian peasants who take care of vicuñas. This washing equipment allows the cleaning of the fiber through the feeding, dragging, dipping and squeezing processes, fulfilling the washing standards IWTO-19-981. The use of this equipment will allow obtaining a cleaner fiber without any type of felting, a saving 20 % of water and a yield of 90% compared to traditional manual washing. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer (ST) based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)(MDPI, 2022-07-01)Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Optimization for vibration analysis in rotating machines(European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ), 2022-09-01)A not stable mechanical movement transmission between systems produces equilibrium losses, such as a rotor of motors that are coupled in rotating machines. This can be studied as a disturbance “vibration” either as characteristic of the movement transmission due to controlled displacement over rotors, which transmits the movement. Therefore, in this research is presented an analysis for an optimal control of the rotor axis displacement that includes “vibration” as the part of the movement transmission. It implies mathematical modelling and specific sensors selections to correlate the vibration in this control task. Furthermore, in order to verify the proposed analysis, it was simulated and tested in a hybrid magnetic bearing system. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sensores/actuadores inteligentes basados en nanoestructuras amorfas para mejorar la transferencia de energía en brazos robóticos(Universidad Nacional de Colombia::will be referenced::ROR-ID, 2024-03-14)This article mainly analyzes the correlation between the carrier energy in robotic arms, according to enhance its performance. This task is achieved because of the sensors/actuators based on nanostructures properties: short response time and high robustness, which proportionated the possibility to execute intricate instructions by the control subsystem of the robotic arm. Therefore, the instructions executed by the controller are supported by a polynomial design, this algorithm helped to evaluate every response signal as a consequence of the main control system, which was consequently by the short response time from the main sensors “flow (carrier energy) and speed of the robotic arm”, moreover, the advantage of the proposed system is given by the extra time obtained also to verify the stability of the robotic arm based in Lyapunov models correlated with Lagrange, as well as every equations were solved and organized by neural network. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Smart sensors/actuators based in amorphous nanostructures, according to enhance robotic arms energy transmission(Universidad Nacional de Colombia::will be referenced::ROR-ID, 2024-01-01)This article mainly analyzes the correlation between the carrier energy in robotic arms, according to enhance its performance. This task is achieved because of the sensors/actuators based on nanostructures properties: short response time and high robustness, which proportionated the possibility to execute intricate instructions by the control subsystem of the robotic arm. Therefore, the instructions executed by the controller are supported by a polynomial design, this algorithm helped to evaluate every response signal as a consequence of the main control system, which was consequently by the short response time from the main sensors “flow (carrier energy) and speed of the robotic arm”, moreover, the advantage of the proposed system is given by the extra time obtained also to verify the stability of the robotic arm based in Lyapunov models correlated with Lagrange, as well as every equations were solved and organized by neural network. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Optimal Analysis for the Enhancement in the Thermal Variables Measurement by Smart and Modular Solid State Sensors(2023-11-22)The proposed research aims to analyze and optimize the measurement of thermal physical variables during the operation of a hydrogen combustion engine. The optimal measurement of the flow, temperature, pressure, and volume is given over the hydrogen, which is the main fuel of the studied combustion motor. Hence, the success of the measurement is based on the polynomial analysis of the combustion motor operation, which needs nonlinear algorithms to get the optimal correlation of the measured physical variables as well as a high robustness and short response time during the transduction of the measured physical variable, which is achieved as a consequence of the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) amorphous nanostructures properties that are modular solid state integration of the designed smart sensor. The short response time and high robustness is a good advantage for the designed smart sensor since it gives more time to execute sophisticated algorithms in order to get the optimal physical variables measurement. In fact, the proposed smart sensor keeps the possibility to be modular and solid state for the interaction with the hydrogen fuel as well as recognizing the presence of other molecules mixed in the fluid, which can alarm the user who is able to recognize whether it is joined oxygen or carbon residues. Therefore, the proposed research work toward a good compromise to care for the environment condition based on a cleaner combustion motor operation.