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Item type:Publication, Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Ventilation System Based on Cams(Preprints.org, 2020-12-17)A mechanical ventilation system is a big support for breathing complications, in which an external solution is quite necessary to keep oxygen compensation in the patients. Its knowledge is well widespread and different equipment has been developed. However, they are very expensive and their quantity in medical centers is not sufficient, especially in Peru. Hence, it has been required to develop new methods to provide oxygen by a low cost equipment; Protofy, a research group from Spain, designed one of the first low cost mechanical ventilation systems which was medically validated by its government. In this sense, a redesign of the mechanical ventilation system was carried out according to the local requirements and available technology, a different airbag resuscitator with different properties and geometry, but maintaining its working concept based on a cam compression mechanism. Sensors and a display were added to improve the performance with a control algorithm for the rotation frequency and to show the ventilation curves over time to the medical staff. It was necessary to develop a mathematical model to relate the behavior between ventilation curves for a patient and physical variables of the design, especially in the epidemic COVID 19, that many countries are dealing with at the time research is being conducted. The mechanical ventilation system was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is assured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can predict satisfactorily the ventilation curves over time and was used to provide the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the rotation angle measured by sensors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Análisis predictivo del algoritmo para una prevención óptima en el tiempo de coronavirus (COVID-19) durante los días de cuarentena(Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2021-01-05)En esta investigación se explica las aplicaciones del algoritmo que fue propuesto para proporcionar apoyo estadístico para los médicos. El apoyo que se realizó en esta investigación busca una urgente interpretación de parámetros como la tasa de personas infectadas por COVID-19 y la tasa de personas fallecidas a causa de este virus. Además, esta investigación logra predecir las tasas que fueron proporcionadas por un modelo matemático que observa y adapta datos estadísticos reales de otros países donde están tratando de encontrar soluciones contra la propagación del COVID – 19. Esto implica que, con el fin de obtener precisión en los resultados de la predicción, fue necesario analizar cuál fue el comportamiento estadístico de China y otros países que volvieron a la normalidad de sus actividades, tal como era antes de que el virus impusiera a la población a permanecer en sus hogares. Por otro lado, se resume el crecimiento problemático del virus y algunas sugerencias de cómo evitar complicaciones profundas en la salud y la economía de las personas (por ejemplo, los días de cuarentena, como principal respuesta para atenuar el avance de este virus). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Análisis térmico óptimo de la transmisión del coronavirus (COVID-19) durante días de cuarentena en Perú(2021-01-05)En esta investigación se analiza la transmisión de COVID-19 por equilibrio termodinámico y energético entre áreas geográficas y su correlación con la posible transmisión de COVID-19 entre al menos 2 personas. Con el fin de lograr parámetros para los médicos, como por ejemplo la distancia mínima entre dos personas infectadas que tienen este virus, se diseñaron modelos matemáticos basados en datos estadísticos para obtener información sobre la propagación de COVID-19 como la dependencia de la temperatura de áreas geográficas, además, el efecto térmico de la distancia mínima entre dos personas evitando la infección por COVID-19. Con este trabajo, se buscan respuestas a las preguntas: ¿Si fuera posible encontrar una relación entre la temperatura y la transmisión del virus? ¿O si fuera posible obtener una variable de correlación entre variables térmicas con una separación mínima de distancia (se describió anteriormente) para dos personas? Por lo tanto, se esperan respuestas a estas preguntas debido al apoyo de los médicos, que están tratando de encontrar una solución contra la propagación de COVID-19. Vale la pena mencionar que esta investigación puede extenderse a áreas más complejas como mercados y ferias abiertas al aire libre o mercados cerrados, donde se venden productos y servicios, además, no todas las áreas tienen un sistema de aire acondicionado en Perú. Sin embargo, en esta investigación se logra la técnica, cómo resolver esta tarea: obtener parámetros de ventilación apropiados como la dependencia de la distancia mínima que las personas necesitan para separarse, para evitar la transmisión del virus entre sí. Además, se sugieren algunas características geométricas / materiales para los filtros de aire y la desinfección mediante ultravioleta (UV) en la entrada del conducto de aire principal. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Algoritmo de reconstrucción de eventos para la reconstrucción 3D de coronavirus (COVID-19), según el estudio de su reacción a través del tratamiento de análisis antiviral(2021-01-15)Esta investigación explica las aplicaciones de reconstrucción tridimensional (3D) para las imágenes de las familias COVID-19, según la búsqueda de la correlación entre el modelo matemático "evento por evento" con efecto antiviral sobre el virus, además, el modelo matemático obtenido de la reconstrucción 3D está correlacionado con "Un modelado matemático general para las respuestas inmunitarias". Por lo tanto, el algoritmo diseñado, proporciona apoyo a los médicos a través de un análisis gráfico y predicciones con respecto a "¿Qué sucede con el virus antes de aplicar una acción como los medicamentos contra la malaria?". Muchos países están tratando de encontrar la vacuna contra COVID 19; sin embargo, muchos países sólo tienen estrategias estadísticas dadas por las restricciones de desplazamiento de la población, lo cual no es suficiente para evitar la rápida transmisión del virus. Por lo tanto, en esta investigación se propone un análisis matemático para tratar el virus mediante un modelo predictivo basado en la reconstrucción de imágenes 3D del COVID 19, correlacionada con aplicaciones de análisis antiviral. Como consecuencia del modelo diseñado, el médico puede predecir las respuestas de las células dañadas por el virus después de aplicar antivirales o plasma sobre ellas. El algoritmo proporcionado se elabora para ser un soporte para el tratamiento del COVID 19. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A low-cost air flow sensor/transducer for medical applications: design and experimental characterization(Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2021-01-20)Mechanical ventilation systems, which are used for breathing support when a person is not able to do it by their own, requires a device for measuring the air flow to the patient in order to monitoring and a assure the magnitude establish by a medical staff. Flow sensors are the conventional devices used for the air flow measuring; however, there were not available in Peru, because of the international demand during COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, a novel air flow sensor based on orifice plate and an intelligent transducer stage were developed as an integrated design. Advanced methodologies in simulations and experiments using specially designed equipment for this application were carried out. The obtained data was used for a mathematical characterization and dimensions validation of the integrated design. The device was tested in its real working conditions, it was implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system based on cams. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators able to provide satisfactorily all the ventilation parameters air flow, pressure and volume over time by measuring the air flow and calculating the others. Furthermore, this device provides directly a filtered equivalent electrical signal for a display or a computer. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Design and analysis of a mechanical ventilation system based on cams(Elsevier, 2021-10-01)Low-cost mechanical ventilators have been developed in order to deal with the shortage of traditional ventilators whose quantity is not sufficient in an emergency context in Perú. Protofy, a company from Spain, designed one of the first low-cost mechanical ventilation systems OxyGEN which was approved by a medicine agency in its country in special context of COVID 19. Therefore, as main of this article, a redesign of this system named OxygenIP.PE was carried out according to local requirements and available technology, but maintaining its working concept based on compression mechanism by cams. Sensors were added and a control algorithm of the respiratory rate was developed. Ventilation curves monitoring over time was implemented; in this sense, a mathematical model of the whole system was developed. OxygenIP.PE was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is ensured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can satisfactorily determine the ventilation curves over time and is used to show the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the compression arm's angular position and differential pressure through the breathing circuit measurement, furthermore the algorithms designed as a consequence of the mathematical model were implemented for Raspberry and ARDUINO microcontrollers. There were obtained parameters of pressure 10–65 cmH2O, airflow 50–65 l/m, volume 0–0.5 l, at two values of beat per minute (BPM) 15 and 25. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mechanical design of a cleaning machine for vicuña fiber of 5 kg/h(South Florida Publishing LLC, 2022-02-11)The vicuña is considered a national heritage of Peru and has the finest animal fiber in the world (12 μm of diameter). According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), Peru is the first producer of vicuña fiber in the world (68.1 %) followed by Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and Ecuador (Mincetur,2010). The washing process consists of immersing the fiber into an aqueous medium formed by hot water (40-60°C) and detergents that, through gentle mechanical movements, eliminates the fiber impurities (grease, suintin, dust, dirt, etc.). In Peru thousands of peasant communities in charge of the exploitation of this product, commercialize the untreated fiber, without removing impurities In this work, a small washing equipment has been designed, according to the production capacity of Peruvian peasants who take care of vicuñas. This washing equipment allows the cleaning of the fiber through the feeding, dragging, dipping and squeezing processes, fulfilling the washing standards IWTO-19-981. The use of this equipment will allow obtaining a cleaner fiber without any type of felting, a saving 20 % of water and a yield of 90% compared to traditional manual washing. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer (ST) based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide (AAO)(MDPI, 2022-07-01)Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Optimization for vibration analysis in rotating machines(European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ), 2022-09-01)A not stable mechanical movement transmission between systems produces equilibrium losses, such as a rotor of motors that are coupled in rotating machines. This can be studied as a disturbance “vibration” either as characteristic of the movement transmission due to controlled displacement over rotors, which transmits the movement. Therefore, in this research is presented an analysis for an optimal control of the rotor axis displacement that includes “vibration” as the part of the movement transmission. It implies mathematical modelling and specific sensors selections to correlate the vibration in this control task. Furthermore, in order to verify the proposed analysis, it was simulated and tested in a hybrid magnetic bearing system. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Propuesta de algoritmo de reconstrucción de eventos para estudiar la evolución de las células cancerígenas(2022-04-17)En este trabajo se propone un algoritmo general para diseñar la reconstrucción de eventos de proceso químico/físico/biológico como uno de los más complicados hoy en día: la "evolución de las células cancerígenas". Estudiando la evolución de las curvas de frontera es posible hacer una integración en tres dimensiones (3D), además la cifra 3D obtenida se puede explicar a través de un modelo matemático para estimar su evolución geométrica después de reacciones físicas/químicas. En este trabajo, hay imágenes analizadas de cada etapa del proceso basadas en la evolución de las células cancerosas. Cada imagen fue procesada con el fin de obtener una ecuación matemática como referencia para entender la geometría de la estructura 3D basada en su imagen 2D para cada etapa. En el otro lado, con esta información y el procesamiento de cada imagen de etapa, se logró una ecuación matemática para describir la geometría de la estructura entre etapas mediante "Análisis de Predicción Óptima" que es tan importante para obtener la comprensión de la geometría de la estructura con el proceso interno.