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Item type:Publication, Estimation of the effective nominal power of a photovoltaic generator under non-ideal operating conditions(Elsevier, 2021-12-20)The nominal power is an essential parameter for evaluating the general state of a photovoltaic plant. The American Society for Testing and Materials, the International Electrotechnical Commission and other works propose procedures that allow estimating the nominal power of a photovoltaic generator in outdoor conditions. These procedures generally require monitoring days with ideal conditions, particularly clear sky days with high irradiance values and low wind speeds. These restrictions can limit the available number of monitoring days, especially in places with frequent cloud formations. In this work, a 109.44 kW photovoltaic plant was monitored for six months in Granada, Spain. Its nominal power is first estimated applying a referential procedure reported in the literature for large PV plants under the required ideal climatic conditions. In order to overcome the restrictions for estimating the nominal power, we propose a new procedure applicable not only for ideal but also for non-ideal conditions, such as found on partially cloudy days. This new procedure applies non-parametric statistics to find the most probable value of the nominal power within a single monitoring day. A statistical analysis indicates that it reliably estimates the nominal power at non-ideal conditions while preserving the same estimation accuracy as under ideal conditions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Spectral effects on the energy yield of various photovoltaic technologies in Lima (Peru)(Elsevier, 2021-05-15)This study presents for the first time the spectral impact on the performance of different photovoltaic (PV) technologies in Lima, Peru. We experimentally monitored the spectral distributions over one year (March 2019–February 2020). The average photon energy (APE) is calculated as a representative parameter to evaluate the spectral distributions. The spectral mismatch factor (MM) enables an estimation of the spectral gains of distinct PV technologies: amorphous silicon (a-Si), perovskite, cadmium telluride (CdTe), multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si), monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide with two distinct band-gaps (CIGS-1 and CIGS-2). We found that the annual APE has a value of 1.923 eV, indicating that the spectrum is shifted to shorter wavelengths. In contrast to studies performed in other locations, the spectral distribution shows relatively small monthly APE value variations. This nearly negligible seasonality could be attributed to the low latitude and the particular climate in Lima. Larger-bandgap PV technologies, such as a-Si, perovskite, and CdTe, resulted in annual spectral gains of +6.8%, +4.8%, and +2.1%, respectively. Lower-bandgap PV technologies (CIGS-2, multi-Si, CIGS-1, and mono-Si), present small annual spectral gains of −0.9%, −1.4%, −1.6% and −2.3%, respectively. Also, a quasi-linear correlation between APE and MM was found for all PV technologies.